Optimasi Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi H_2 〖SO〗_4 Dan Temperatur Pada Proses Leaching Terhadap Ekstraksi Thorium dari Konsentrat Monazite

Alfaizi, Aulia (2026) Optimasi Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi H_2 〖SO〗_4 Dan Temperatur Pada Proses Leaching Terhadap Ekstraksi Thorium dari Konsentrat Monazite. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text (Teknik Material) 5011221022_UNDERGRADUATED_THESIS.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (4MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Monazit merupakan mineral fosfat yang mengandung unsur tanah jarang dan thorium, tetapi memiliki struktur kristal yang stabil sehingga sulit dilindi secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi konsentrasi asam sulfat (H₂SO₄) dan temperatur terhadap pelarutan thorium dari konsentrat monazit serta menentukan kondisi terbaik dalam rentang variabel yang diuji. Konsentrat awal dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Konsentrat kemudian menjalani pre-treatment melalui alkaline fusion menggunakan NaOH pada temperatur 450 °C selama 40 menit, dilanjutkan water leaching untuk melarutkan senyawa natrium dan fosfat yang larut dalam air. Proses pelindian dilakukan menggunakan H₂SO₄ dengan variasi konsentrasi 2, 3, 4, dan 5 M serta variasi temperatur 70, 80, dan 90 °C pada rasio padat–cair 1:12, kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm, dan waktu pelindian 90 menit. Konsentrasi thorium dalam filtrat dianalisis menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi awal thorium dalam konsentrat berdasarkan XRF sebesar 7,8%. Variasi konsentrasi H₂SO₄ memberikan pengaruh yang tidak linier, dengan konsentrasi thorium terlarut masing-masing sekitar 3.400, 2.480, 3.010, dan 2.630 ppm pada H₂SO₄ 2, 3, 4, dan 5 M. Konsentrasi H₂SO₄ 2 M menghasilkan pelarutan thorium tertinggi. Variasi temperatur juga menunjukkan pola tidak linier, yaitu sekitar 3.570 ppm pada 70 °C, 2.890 ppm pada 80 °C, dan 2.975 ppm pada 90 °C. Dengan demikian, kondisi terbaik diperoleh pada H₂SO₄2 M dan temperatur 70 °C. Penurunan konsentrasi thorium pada temperatur yang lebih tinggi diduga berkaitan dengan perubahan kestabilan kompleks thorium–sulfat, hidrolisis, dan kemungkinan terjadinya reaksi sekunder atau pengendapan kembali thorium.
===================================================================================================================================
Monazitee is a phosphate mineral containing rare earth elements (REEs) and thorium; however, its stable crystal structure makes it difficult to leach directly. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) concentration and leaching temperature on thorium dissolution from monazitee concentrate and to determine the optimum leaching conditions within the investigated parameter range. The raw concentrate was characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Prior to leaching, the concentrate underwent alkaline fusion with NaOH at 450 °C for 40 min, followed by water leaching to remove water-soluble sodium and phosphate compounds. The leaching experiments were conducted using H₂SO₄ concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 M at temperatures of 70, 80, and 90 °C, with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12, a stirring speed of 500 rpm, and a leaching time of 90 min. The thorium concentration in the filtrate was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The XRF analysis indicated that the initial thorium content in the monazitee concentrate was 7.8 wt.%. The H₂SO₄ concentration exhibited a non-linear effect on thorium dissolution, yielding dissolved thorium concentrations of approximately 3,400, 2,480, 3,010, and 2,630 ppm at H₂SO₄ concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 M, respectively. The highest thorium dissolution was achieved at an H₂SO₄ concentration of 2 M. Similarly, the effect of temperature was non-linear, with dissolved thorium concentrations of approximately 3,570 ppm at 70 °C, 2,890 ppm at 80 °C, and 2,975 ppm at 90 °C. Therefore, the optimum leaching condition within the investigated range was obtained using 2 M H₂SO₄ at 70 °C. The decrease in thorium dissolution at higher temperatures is likely associated with changes in the stability of thorium–sulfate complexes, thorium hydrolysis, and the occurrence of secondary reactions or thorium reprecipitation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asam Sulfat, Konsentrat Monazit, Pelindian, Temperatur, Thorium. Sulfuric Acid, Monazitee Concentrate, Leaching, Temperature, Thorium.
Subjects:	T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN688 Hydrometallurgy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Aulia Alfaizi
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 02:01
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 02:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137781

Actions (login required)

View Item