Dewi, Ni Luh De Siska Sari (2026) Pemodelan dan Kendali Suhu Berbasis Duty Cycle pada Sistem Distilasi Proses Pengolahan Nira Aren Menjadi Bioetanol. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Terancamnya ketahanan energi oleh ketidakstabilan geopolitik global mendorong urgensi pengembangan bioetanol berbasis nira aren sebagai sumber energi terbarukan yang potensial di Indonesia. Tantangan utama dalam produksi bioetanol terletak pada upaya mencapai kemurnian produk yang tinggi melalui proses distilasi, dengan suhu reboiler menjadi faktor kritis yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi pemisahan. Pemodelan sistem distilasi terdahulu masih belum mempertimbangkan perubahan massa komponen serta dinamika suhu di reboiler secara komprehensif. Selain itu, penerapan metode kendali masih terbatas pada metode konvensional seperti PI/PID yang hanya dirancang untuk mencapai setpoint tanpa mempertimbangkan kendala sistem, ataupun kendali optimal LTI-MPC yang penerapannya masih terbatas pada sistem linear time-invariant. Sementara itu, sistem distilasi memiliki karakteristik time-varying akibat komposisi campuran yang berubah seiring waktu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan kebaruan berupa pemodelan sistem distilasi yang lebih akurat berdasarkan prinsip neraca massa, neraca energi, dan kesetimbangan uap cair (VLE) yang telah dimodifikasi dengan mempertimbangkan laju perubahan massa dan suhu, serta penerapan metode kendali Linear Time-Varying Model Predictive Control (LTV-MPC). Tujuan utamanya adalah mengoptimalkan kemurnian etanol dengan mengendalikan suhu reboiler melalui duty cycle laju panas dan laju umpan. Hasil simulasi numerik menggunakan metode Runge-Kutta Orde 4 dengan berbagai variasi waktu dan rasio reflux, menunjukkan bahwa metode LTV-MPC efektif mengoptimalkan kemurnian produk melalui pengendalian suhu reboiler. Dalam waktu tujuh jam simulasi tanpa reflux, kemurnian produk yang dihasilkan oleh sistem distilasi batch murni merosot hingga 21% b/b, sementara dengan kendali LTV-MPC diperoleh kemurnian 29% b/b. Kemurnian produk tertinggi dicapai oleh sistem dengan kendali LTV-MPC dengan rasio reflux (R=7), yaitu mencapai 96% b/b.
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The threat to energy security posed by global geopolitical instability underscores the urgent need to develop sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) based bioethanol as a potential renewable energy source in Indonesia. The primary challenge in bioethanol production lies in achieving high product purity through distillation, where reboiler temperature is a critical factor affecting separation efficiency. Previous distillation system models have failed to comprehensively account for component mass variations and reboiler temperature dynamics. Furthermore, control methods have remained limited to conventional approaches, such as PI/PID control which is designed solely to reach setpoints without considering system constraints, or standard LTI-MPC which is restricted to linear time-invariant systems. In reality, distillation processes exhibit time-varying characteristics as mixture compositions fluctuate over time. To address these gaps, this research introduces a refined distillation system model based on mass and energy balances and vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), modified to incorporate mass and temperature rate changes. Additionally, the study implements Linear Time-Varying Model Predictive Control (LTV-MPC) to optimize ethanol purity by regulating reboiler temperature through heat flow and feed rate duty cycles. Numerical simulations using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, conducted under various time and reflux ratio scenarios, demonstrate the effectiveness of LTV-MPC in optimizing product purity. Over a 7-hour simulation without reflux, the product purity of the pure batch distillation system dropped to 21% w/w, whereas the controlled system achieved 29% w/w. The highest product purity was attained by the LTV-MPC-controlled system with a reflux ratio of R=7, reaching 96% w/w.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioetanol, Distilasi, Kendali Suhu, LTV-MPC, Model Matematika, Bioethanol, Distillation, Mathematical Model, Temperature Control |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA401 Mathematical models. Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA402 System analysis. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Mathematics > 44101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ni Luh De Siska Sari Dewi |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2026 06:20 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jul 2026 06:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138545 |
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