Studi Pemanfaatan Copper Slag Dan Iron Silicate Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Agregat Halus Dalam Produksi Paving Block Dan Batako Bermutu Tinggi

Prawira, Nathaniel Nico (2026) Studi Pemanfaatan Copper Slag Dan Iron Silicate Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Agregat Halus Dalam Produksi Paving Block Dan Batako Bermutu Tinggi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Aktivitas peleburan tembaga di PT Freeport Indonesia Smelter menghasilkan limbah padat berupa copper slag dan iron silicate dalam jumlah besar, sehingga diperlukan strategi pemanfaatan yang mampu mengurangi penimbunan, biaya pengelolaan, serta tekanan terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji pemanfaatan iron silicate dan copper slag sebagai substitusi agregat halus pada produk beton non-struktural berupa paving block dan batako. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan variasi substitusi iron silicate hingga 60% dan copper slag hingga 10% berdasarkan volume agregat halus. Karakterisasi material meliputi pengujian fisik, kimia, mineralogi, dan morfologi, sedangkan pengujian produk meliputi kuat tekan, penyerapan air, dan ketahanan aus pada paving block, serta kuat tekan dan penyerapan air pada batako. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa iron silicate didominasi Fe2O3 sebesar 58,49%, SiO2 24,92%, dan Al2O3 6,18%, sedangkan copper slag didominasi Fe2O3 sebesar 46,27%, SiO2 37,19%, dan Al2O3 4,88%. Iron silicate memiliki ukuran sangat halus sehingga berperan sebagai microfiller yang memperbaiki susunan partikel pada kadar optimum, sedangkan copper slag memiliki karakter keras dan angular sehingga berkontribusi terhadap ketahanan aus. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kuat tekan paving block tertinggi diperoleh pada IS10 sebesar 65,71 MPa, sedangkan variasi kombinasi terbaik diperoleh pada ISCS40 sebesar 52,71 MPa. Ketahanan aus terbaik diperoleh pada CS10 sebesar 0,067 mm/menit. Namun, beberapa variasi paving block belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kriteria kelas A karena nilai penyerapan air masih melebihi batas standar. Pada batako, seluruh variasi memenuhi persyaratan mutu I, dengan kuat tekan tertinggi pada ISCS40 sebesar 401 kg/cm2 dan penyerapan air berada pada rentang 4,30–11,90%. Dengan demikian, iron silicate dan copper slag berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai substitusi agregat halus pada paving block dan batako bermutu tinggi melalui mekanisme fisik berupa filler effect, particle packing, dan interlocking.
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Copper smelting activities at PT Freeport Indonesia Smelter generate large amounts of solid waste, including copper slag and iron silicate. Therefore, an appropriate utilization strategy is needed to reduce landfill demand, waste management costs, and environmental pressure. This study investigates the use of iron silicate and copper slag as partial substitutes for fine aggregate in non-structural concrete products, consisting of paving blocks and concrete blocks. The research was conducted experimentally with iron silicate substitution of up to 60% and copper slag substitution of up to 10% by volume of fine aggregate. Material characterization included physical, chemical, mineralogical, and morphological analyses, while product performance was evaluated through compressive strength, water absorption, and abrasion resistance tests for paving blocks, as well as compressive strength and water absorption tests for concrete blocks. The results showed that iron silicate was dominated by Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3, with a very fine particle size that allowed it to act as a microfiller and improve particle packing at an optimum content. Meanwhile, copper slag had hard and angular particles that contributed to abrasion resistance. The highest compressive strength of paving blocks was achieved by IS10 at 65.71 MPa, while the best combined variation was ISCS40 at 52.71 MPa. The best abrasion resistance was obtained by CS10 at 0.067 mm/min. However, several paving block variations did not fully meet Class A requirements due to water absorption values exceeding the standard limit. For concrete blocks, all variations met quality grade I requirements, with the highest compressive strength obtained by ISCS40 at 401 kg/cm2 and water absorption ranging from 4.30% to 11.90%. These results indicate that iron silicate and copper slag have potential to be utilized as fine aggregate substitutes in high-quality paving blocks and concrete blocks through physical mechanisms such as filler effect, particle packing, and interlocking.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Agregat Halus, Batako, Copper slag, Iron silicate, Paving block, Concrete block, Copper slag, Fine Aggregate, Iron silicate, Paving block
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.9 Composite materials. Laminated materials. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA433 Strength of materials. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA441 Aggregates
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nathaniel Nico Prawira
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 08:02
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 08:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138727

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