Iqbal, Iqbal (2026) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Berbagai Variasi Campuran Biodiesel Pada Karakteristik Pembakaran Dan Kinerja Mesin Turbin Gas. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Percepatan transisi energi global tidak hanya bergantung pada pengembangan energi terbarukan yang bersifat intermiten, tetapi juga membutuhkan sistem yang fleksibel, memiliki kemampuan start-up cepat, serta efisiensi tinggi, seperti pembangkit listrik tenaga turbin gas. Pemanfaatan biofuel dalam infrastruktur turbin gas menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk menurunkan emisi karbon sekaligus meningkatkan ketahanan energi dan keberlanjutan sistem. Meskipun demikian, perbedaan karakteristik termofisika biodiesel dapat menimbulkan tantangan terhadap stabilitas pembakaran, efisiensi termal, serta distribusi temperatur di dalam ruang bakar.
Penelitian ini melakukan studi numerik menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) untuk menganalisis pengaruh pencampuran biodiesel terhadap kinerja combustor. Simulasi dilakukan dengan model pembakaran non-premixed berbasis kesetimbangan kimia pada domain komputasi sebanyak 207.887 sel. Variasi bahan bakar yang digunakan mencakup B0 hingga B40 dengan kenaikan komposisi sebesar 5%.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi biodiesel menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi pembakaran dari 95,43% menjadi 90,73% dengan kecenderungan yang tidak linier, serta penurunan temperatur maksimum dari 2571 K menjadi 2474 K. Sebaliknya, nilai pattern factor mengalami peningkatan dari 0,195 menjadi 0,201, dengan kenaikan maksimum sebesar 0,006 yang menunjukkan penurunan keseragaman temperatur keluaran, meskipun masih berada dalam batas aman (<0,300). Dari sisi emisi, peningkatan kandungan biodiesel meningkatkan emisi CO₂ per satuan energi dari 0,9738 menjadi 1,0410 kg/MJ akibat nilai LHV bahan bakar yang lebih rendah. Sebaliknya, emisi CO menurun signifikan dari 19.180 ppm menjadi 5.068 ppm, sementara emisi NOx berkurang dari 10.612 ppm menjadi 7.994 ppm.
Penambahan aliran udara primer hingga 30% dari kondisi awal 20% menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi sekitar ±0,2%, namun meningkatkan keseragaman temperatur dengan nilai pattern factor sebesar 0,073. Emisi CO relatif stabil, meskipun pada campuran B15 terdapat nilai sekitar 1.002 ppm.
Dari sisi ekonomi, penggunaan B40 meningkatkan biaya operasional sebesar ±Rp 17,43 miliar per tahun dibandingkan B0, namun juga memberikan potensi carbon credit sebesar ±Rp 18,40 miliar per tahun serta penurunan emisi sekitar ±373,12 juta ton CO₂-ekuivalen per tahun.
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The acceleration of the global energy transition depends not only on the expansion of intermittent renewable energy but also on the development of flexible, fast-start, and high-efficiency systems such as gas turbine power plants. The utilization of biofuels in gas turbine infrastructure provides an alternative approach to reduce carbon emissions while enhancing energy security and system sustainability. However, differences in the thermophysical properties of biodiesel may pose challenges to combustion stability, thermal efficiency, and temperature distribution within the combustor. This study presents a numerical investigation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyze the effect of biodiesel blending on combustor performance. Simulations were conducted using a non-premixed combustion model based on chemical equilibrium within a computational domain consisting of 207,887 cells. The fuel variations included blends from B0 to B40 with 5% increments.
The results indicate that increasing the biodiesel fraction reduces combustion efficiency from 95.43% to 90.73% in a non-linear trend and decreases the maximum temperature from 2571 K to 2474 K. In contrast, the pattern factor increases from 0.195 to 0.201, with a maximum increase of 0.006, indicating reduced outlet temperature uniformity, although still within the safe operational limit (<0.300). In terms of emissions, higher biodiesel content increases CO₂ emissions per unit energy from 0.9738 to 1.0410 kg/MJ due to the lower fuel LHV. Conversely, CO emissions decrease significantly from 19,180 ppm to 5,068 ppm, while NOx emissions decline from 10,612 ppm to 7,994 ppm.
Increasing the primary air flow rate to 30% from the initial 20% results in a reduction in combustion efficiency of approximately ±0.2%, while improving temperature uniformity with a pattern factor of 0.073. CO emissions remain relatively stable, although at B15 a value of approximately 1,002 ppm is observed.
From an economic perspective, the use of B40 increases operational costs by approximately ±IDR 17.43 billion per year compared to B0. However, it also provides potential carbon credit benefits of approximately ±IDR 18.40 billion per year and contributes to emission reduction of approximately ±373.12 million tons CO₂-equivalent per year.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biodiesel, Ruang Bakar Turbin Gas, Simulasi CFD, Performa Pembakaran, Analisis Emisi, Biodiesel, Gas Turbine Combustor, CFD Simulation, Combustion Performance, Emission Analysis. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ254.7 Combustion chambers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ778 Gas turbines T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Iqbal Iqbal |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2026 07:31 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2026 10:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138760 |
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