Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Modifikasi Closed Impeller Pompa Sentrifugal Menjadi Tandem Blades Impeller Dengan Variasi Inlet Angle Tandem (β21)

Aliffian, Gusti Muhammad Aidil (2026) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Modifikasi Closed Impeller Pompa Sentrifugal Menjadi Tandem Blades Impeller Dengan Variasi Inlet Angle Tandem (β21). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pompa sentrifugal merupakan peralatan mekanis yang banyak digunakan pada sektor domestik, industri, dan irigasi untuk memindahkan fluida cair dari tekanan rendah ke tekanan yang lebih tinggi. Performa pompa sentrifugal sangat dipengaruhi oleh geometri impeller, terutama bentuk dan sudut sudu, karena impeller berperan dalam mengarahkan aliran serta mentransfer energi mekanik menjadi energi fluida. Pada closed impeller, kerugian hidrolik seperti slip, resirkulasi, shock loss, dan friction loss masih dapat memengaruhi head serta efisiensi pompa. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan performa tersebut adalah dengan memodifikasi closed impeller menjadi tandem blades impeller yang terdiri dari front blade dan rear blade dalam satu pitch. Penelitian Gang Yang dkk,. [22] menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi tandem impeller mampu meningkatkan head maksimum sebesar 1,3 m atau 9,03% dibandingkan impeller konvensional. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimen untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi inlet angle tandem (β₂₁) terhadap performa pompa sentrifugal. Variasi β₂₁ yang digunakan adalah 27°, 18°, 15°, dan 13°. Geometri impeller dirancang menggunakan SolidWorks dan dimanufaktur dengan metode 3D printing menggunakan material PLA+ dengan infill 100%. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan fluida kerja air pada beberapa kondisi kapasitas yang diatur melalui bukaan globe valve. Parameter performa yang dianalisis meliputi kapasitas aktual, head efektif, WHP, BHP, dan efisiensi pompa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variasi tandem blades impeller menghasilkan head efektif lebih tinggi dibandingkan original closed impeller pada seluruh kondisi kapasitas. Pada kapasitas rendah hingga menengah, variasi β₂₁ 18° menghasilkan head tertinggi, yaitu 15,00 m pada fully closed, 14,54 m pada variasi kapasitas 2, dan 13,83 m pada variasi kapasitas 3. Pada kapasitas tinggi, variasi β₂₁ 27° menunjukkan performa terbaik dengan head efektif 13,14 m pada variasi kapasitas 4 dan 12,35 m pada fully open. Pada kondisi fully open, head meningkat sebesar 0,78 m atau 6,74% dibandingkan original closed impeller sebesar 11,57 m. Efisiensi tertinggi juga diperoleh pada variasi β₂₁ 27° sebesar 44,67%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan original closed impeller sebesar 43,07%, atau meningkat sebesar 3,71% . Dengan demikian, β₂₁ 18° lebih sesuai untuk kapasitas rendah hingga menengah, sedangkan β₂₁ 27° lebih optimal pada kapasitas tinggi.
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A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device widely used in domestic, industrial, and irrigation sectors to transfer liquid from a low-pressure region to a higher-pressure region. The performance of a centrifugal pump is strongly affected by impeller geometry, especially the blade shape and angle, because the impeller directs the flow and transfers mechanical energy into fluid energy. In a closed impeller, hydraulic losses such as slip, recirculation, shock loss, and friction loss can still affect pump head and efficiency. One effort to improve this performance is modifying the closed impeller into a tandem blades impeller consisting of a front blade and a rear blade within one pitch. A study by Gang Yang et al. [22] showed that modifiying a tandem impeller can increase the maximum head by 1.3 m compared with a conventional impeller. This research was conducted experimentally to investigate the effect of tandem inlet angle (β₂₁) variations on centrifugal pump performance. The β₂₁ variations used were 27°, 18°, 15°, and 13°. The impeller geometry was designed using SolidWorks and manufactured using 3D printing with PLA+ material and 100% infill. The tests were carried out using water as the working fluid under several capacity conditions adjusted by the opening of a globe valve. The analyzed performance parameters included actual capacity, effective head, WHP, BHP, and pump efficiency. The results show that all tandem blades impeller variations produced higher effective head than the original closed impeller at all capacity conditions. At low to medium capacities, the β₂₁ 18° variation produced the highest head, namely 15.00 m at fully closed, 14.54 m at capacity variation 2, and 13.83 m at capacity variation 3. At high capacity, the β₂₁ 27° variation showed the best performance, with an effective head of 13.14 m at capacity variation 4 and 12.28 m at fully open. Under the fully open condition, the head increased by 0.71 m or 6.14% compared with the original closed impeller value of 11.57 m. The highest efficiency was also obtained by the β₂₁ 27° variation at 44.42%, higher than the original closed impeller efficiency of 43.07%, corresponding to an increase of 3.71%. Therefore, β₂₁ 18° is more suitable for low to medium capacities, while β₂₁ 27° is more optimal at high capacity.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Closed Impeller; Inlet angle Tandem (β₂₁); Pompa Sentrifugal; Tandem Blades Impeller; Performa Pompa.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ266 Turbines. Turbomachines (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ903 Pumping machinery. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ919 Centrifugal pumps--Design and construction.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Gusti Muhammad Aidil Aliffian
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 08:00
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 08:00
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138798

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