Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Rake pada Raked Wingtip terhadap Karakteristik Aliran Sekitar Sayap Airfoil NACA 4412

Wicaksono, Rifqi Razandy (2026) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Rake pada Raked Wingtip terhadap Karakteristik Aliran Sekitar Sayap Airfoil NACA 4412. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya standar efisiensi pesawat berserta kebutuhan atas jangkauan terbang yang lebih jauh mendorong perlunya inovasi modifikasi ujung sayap. Terdapatnya vorteks ujung sayap pada sayap berhingga memicu induced drag yang menurunkan performa aerodinamika. Raked wingtip merupakan salah satu solusi untuk meminimalisir induced drag tersebut, namun keefektifannya bergantung pada parameter geometri seperti sudut rake. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi sudut rake terhadap koefisien aerodinamika dan karakteristik aliran di sekitar sayap. Metodologi yang digunakan berupa studi numerik menggunakan software Ansys Fluent. Objek penelitian berupa sayap tapered swept-back airfoil NACA 4412 dengan leading edge sweep 30°, root chord 400 mm, dan taper ratio 0,25. Variasi sudut rake yang diuji meliputi 15°, 20°, 25°, dan 30°. Simulasi dijalankan pada kondisi aliran steady, bilangan Reynolds 4 × 105 dan 1 × 106, dengan menggunakan model turbulensi k-ω SST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan raked wingtip meningkatkan efisiensi aerodinamika (CL/CD) rata-rata sebesar 8%. Sudut rake 15° memberikan performa optimal pada sebagian besar kondisi pengujian. Penambahan raked wingtip memperluas area bertekanan rendah pada permukaan atas, sekaligus menggeser lokasi dan memperkecil ukuran inti wingtip vortex. Penerapan sudut rake yang tinggi (25° dan 30°) menyebabkan bagian terluar dari raked wingtip itu sendiri mengalami stall lebih awal, sehingga mengurangi gaya angkat total.
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Demand for longer flight ranges and increasing aircraft efficiency standards requires improvements in aerodynamic efficiency. Finite wings result in the formation of wingtip vortices, which create induced drag and reduce aerodynamic performance. Raked wingtips reduce this induced drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency, though their effectiveness depends on geometric parameters such as the rake angle. This research aims to analyze the effect of rake angle variations on aerodynamic efficiency and flow characteristics around the wing. Numerical study is done using the ANSYS Fluent software. The baseline model used is a tapered swept-back NACA 4412 wing with a 30° sweep, a 400 mm root chord, and a 0.25 taper ratio. Rake angle variations include 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°. All simulations are performed under steady flow conditions at a Reynolds number of 4 × 105 and 1 × 106 using the k- ω SST turbulence model. The results indicate that adding a raked wingtip improves aerodynamic efficiency (CL/CD) by an average of 8%. A rake angle of 15° provides optimal performance under most test conditions. The addition of a raked wingtip expands the low-pressure area on the upper surface, while also shifting the location and reducing the core size of the tip vortex. Applying high rake angles (25° and 30°) causes the outermost section of the wingtip itself to stall prematurely, reducing total lift.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Raked wingtip, NACA 4412, efisiensi, Sudut rake, Studi Numerik, Raked wingtip, NACA 4412, efficiency, Rake Angle, Numerical Study
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL521 Aerodynamics, Hypersonic.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rifqi Razandy Wicaksono
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 02:55
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 02:55
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138807

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