Analisis Karakteristik Dual Katalis pada Pirolisis Limbah Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Terhadap Pembentukan Bahan Bakar Alternatif

Pratyaksa, Lintang Citta (2026) Analisis Karakteristik Dual Katalis pada Pirolisis Limbah Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Terhadap Pembentukan Bahan Bakar Alternatif. Other thesis, Institur Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan jumlah limbah plastik, khususnya polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dan polypropylene (PP), menjadi permasalahan lingkungan yang memerlukan penanganan efektif. Salah satu metode yang berpotensi mengatasi permasalahan tersebut sekaligus menghasilkan produk bernilai tambah adalah pirolisis katalitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh variasi rasio PET/PP dan konsentrasi dual katalis HZSM-5/CTF-04 terhadap distribusi yield serta karakteristik minyak hasil pirolisis. Proses pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 350 °C dengan variasi rasio PET/PP sebesar 3:2, 2:3, dan 1:4, serta konsentrasi katalis 2,5% dan 5% terhadap massa total. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), NH₃-Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH₃-TPD), dan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), sedangkan minyak hasil pirolisis dikarakterisasi melalui pengujian densitas, viskositas, nilai kalor, titik nyala, GC-MS, serta bilangan oktan untuk fraksi destilat. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa HZSM-5 memiliki struktur kristalin tipe MFI, sedangkan CTF-04 menunjukkan karakter amorf dengan keberadaan gugus triazina yang terkonfirmasi melalui analisis FTIR. Peningkatan proporsi PP dalam feedstock secara konsisten meningkatkan yield fraksi cair dan menurunkan densitas serta viskositas produk, sedangkan peningkatan proporsi PET cenderung meningkatkan yield fraksi padat dan gas. Peningkatan konsentrasi katalis dari 2,5% menjadi 5% pada variasi PET/PP 1:4 menyebabkan penurunan yield fraksi cair dari 53,44% menjadi 45,14% akibat terjadinya over-cracking, namun menghasilkan kualitas minyak yang lebih baik dengan distribusi fraksi gasoline dan kerosin dengan total kelimpahan 69,20% berdasarkan karakterisasi GC-MS. Karakteristik bahan bakar terbaik diperoleh pada rasio PET/PP 1:4 dengan konsentrasi katalis 5%, yang menghasilkan densitas 0,7598 g/mL, viskositas 0,8667 cSt, nilai kalor 38,04 MJ/kg, dan titik nyala yang relatif rendah. Hasil pengujian bilangan oktan pada fraksi destilat menunjukkan bilangan oktan 95,6, yang mengindikasikan ketahanan knocking yang baik. Secara keseluruhan, penggunaan dual katalis HZSM-5/CTF-04 mampu meningkatkan efektivitas proses cracking pirolisis campuran limbah PET/PP. Produk cair yang dihasilkan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai komponen bahan bakar cair alternatif maupun sebagai bahan pencampur (blending component) setelah melalui proses peningkatan kualitas lebih lanjut.
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The increasing generation of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), has become an environmental issue that requires effective management. One promising approach to address this problem while producing value-added products is catalytic pyrolysis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PET/PP ratio variations and HZSM-5/CTF-04 dual-catalyst concentration on the yield distribution and characteristics of pyrolysis oil. Pyrolysis was conducted at 350°C using PET/PP ratios of 3:2, 2:3, and 1:4, with catalyst concentrations of 2.5% and 5% based on the total feed mass. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, NH₃-TPD, and TGA. The resulting pyrolysis oils were characterized through density, viscosity, calorific value, flash point, GC-MS, and octane number analyses for distilled fraction. Characterization results show that HZSM-5 possesses a crystalline MFI-type structure with Brønsted acid sites that support cracking reactions, while CTF-04 exhibits an amorphous character with triazine functional groups confirmed by FTIR analysis, providing Lewis base sites and good thermal stability up to 500°C. An increase in PP proportion in the feedstock consistently increases the liquid fraction yield and reduces the density and viscosity of the pyrolysis oil, while an increase in PET proportion tends to increase the solid and gas fraction yields. Increasing the catalyst concentration from 2.5% to 5% at a PET/PP ratio of 1:4 results in a decrease in liquid yield from 53.44% to 45.14% due to an over-cracking mechanism, but produces better oil quality with a dominant gasoline and kerosene fraction of 69.20% based on GC-MS characterized. The highest liquid yield of 53.44% is obtained at a PET/PP ratio of 1:4 with a catalyst concentration of 2.5%. Meanwhile, the best fuel characteristics are achieved at a PET/PP ratio of 1:4 with a catalyst concentration of 5%, resulting in a density of 0.7598 g/mL, a viscosity of 0.8667 cSt, a calorific value of 38.04 MJ/kg, and a relatively low flash point. The octane number analysis of the distilled fraction shows a Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.6, indicating good anti-knocking performance. Overall, the application of the HZSM-5/CTF-04 dual catalyst enhances the cracking efficiency and improves the quality of pyrolysis oil derived from mixed PET/PP plastic waste. The resulting liquid product demonstrates potential for use as an alternative liquid fuel component or as a blending component following further upgrading processes.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CTF-04, HZSM-5, Pirolisis, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polypropylene CTF-04, HZSM-5, Pyrolysis, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polypropylene
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Lintang Citta Pratyaksa
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 07:44
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 06:24
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138809

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