Analisis Kinerja Termodinamika Dan Emisi Gas Turbine Pada PLTGU Keramasan Dengan Co-Firing Amonia Dan Gas Alam

Jaya, Prana (2026) Analisis Kinerja Termodinamika Dan Emisi Gas Turbine Pada PLTGU Keramasan Dengan Co-Firing Amonia Dan Gas Alam. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penerapan bahan bakar rendah karbon pada pembangkit listrik menjadi salah satu strategi penting dalam mendukung target Net Zero Emission (NZE) Indonesia tahun 2060. Amonia (NH₃) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan bakar transisi karena tidak mengandung karbon, namun penggunaannya pada turbin gas dapat memengaruhi kinerja termodinamika dan meningkatkan emisi nitrogen oksida (NOₓ). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh co-firing amonia dan gas alam terhadap kinerja termodinamika serta emisi gas buang pada Gas Turbine Hitachi H-25 di PLTGU Keramasan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan simulasi numerik berbasis kondisi operasi aktual pembangkit. Model termodinamika dikembangkan menggunakan Cycle-Tempo v5.1, analisis emisi CO₂ menggunakan LEAP, dan analisis pembentukan NOₓ menggunakan Cantera. Simulasi dilakukan pada variasi co-firing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% NH₃ berbasis Lower Heating Value (LHV). Hasil validasi menunjukkan model memiliki error daya listrik 0,24%, efisiensi termal 3,54%, laju aliran bahan bakar 3,41%, dan laju aliran gas buang 2,07%. Pada skenario 20% NH₃, daya listrik meningkat sebesar 1,45%, namun konsumsi bahan bakar meningkat 11,97%, kebutuhan energi primer meningkat 7,29%, efisiensi termal menurun dari 33,59% menjadi 31,31%, dan NPHR meningkat 7,32%. Emisi CO₂ spesifik menurun dari 643,8 menjadi 586,8 kg/MWh (8,9%), sedangkan reduksi emisi CO₂ tahunan mencapai 21,79%. Emisi NOₓ meningkat dari 25 ppm menjadi 57,5 ppm dan NH₃ slip mencapai 247 ppm pada skenario 20% NH₃. Penerapan SCR dan ASC mampu menurunkan NOₓ dan NH₃ slip masing-masing sekitar 96,8% dan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, co-firing 10–15% NH₃ merupakan kondisi operasi optimum karena memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara penurunan emisi karbon dan kinerja pembangkit.
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The implementation of low-carbon fuels in power generation has become one of the key strategies for supporting Indonesia’s Net Zero Emission (NZE) target by 2060. Ammonia (NH₃) has significant potential as a transitional fuel due to its carbon-free nature; however, its utilization in gas turbines may affect thermodynamic performance and increase nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) emissions. This study aims to analyze the effects of ammonia and natural gas co-firing on the thermodynamic performance and exhaust emissions of the Hitachi H-25 Gas Turbine at Keramasan Combined Cycle Power Plant (PLTGU Keramasan). The research was conducted using a numerical simulation approach based on actual plant operating conditions. The thermodynamic model was developed using Cycle-Tempo v5.1, CO₂ emission analysis was performed using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP), and NOₓ formation was evaluated using Cantera. Simulations were carried out for ammonia co-firing ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% on a Lower Heating Value (LHV) basis. Model validation results showed errors of 0.24% for power output, 3.54% for thermal efficiency, 3.41% for fuel flow rate, and 2.07% for exhaust gas flow rate. Under the 20% NH₃ co-firing scenario, power output increased by 1.45%; however, fuel consumption increased by 11.97%, primary energy demand increased by 7.29%, thermal efficiency decreased from 33.59% to 31.31%, and the Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) increased by 7.32%. Specific CO₂ emissions decreased from 643.8 to 586.8 kg/MWh (8.9%), while annual CO₂ emission reduction reached 21.79%. NOₓ emissions increased from 25 ppm to 57.5 ppm, and NH₃ slip reached 247 ppm under the 20% NH₃ scenario. The implementation of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) reduced NOₓ and NH₃ slip emissions by approximately 96.8% and 95%, respectively. Based on the analysis, the 10–15% NH₃ co-firing range represents the optimum operating condition, providing the best balance between carbon emission reduction and power plant performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	co-firing amonia, PLTGU Keramasan, Hitachi H-25, emisi CO₂, emisi NOₓ,ammonia co-firing, Keramasan Combined Cycle Power Plant, Hitachi H-25, CO₂ emissions, NOₓ emissions.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ254.7 Combustion chambers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Prana Jaya
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 02:37
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 02:37
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138853

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