Asshidiqy, Jimly and Ulum, Muhammad Habib Tanwirul (2026) Desain Pabrik Biodiesel Dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (pfad) Melalui Kombinasi Proses Esterifikasi Dan Transesterifikasi Dengan Kapasitas Produksi 100.000 Ton/tahun. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pabrik biodiesel ini dirancang dengan kapasitas produksi 100.000 ton/tahun menggunakan Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) sebagai bahan baku utama. PFAD dipilih karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah di Indonesia sebagai produk samping proses pemurnian minyak sawit, dengan produksi mencapai 2,45 juta ton pada tahun 2025, sehingga berpotensi menjadi bahan baku alternatif dalam pengembangan bahan bakar terbarukan. Proses produksi menggunakan kombinasi reaksi esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi. Tahap esterifikasi menggunakan katalis asam sulfat (H₂SO₄) dengan konversi sebesar 98% untuk menurunkan kadar Free Fatty Acid (FFA), sedangkan tahap transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dengan konversi sebesar 99% untuk menghasilkan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). Produk hasil reaksi selanjutnya dimurnikan melalui proses pencucian dan pengeringan untuk menghasilkan biodiesel sebagai produk utama dan gliserol 81% sebagai produk samping yang bernilai ekonomis. Berdasarkan perhitungan empiris menggunakan korelasi Krisnangkura (1986), biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki cetane number sebesar 63,32 yang telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI 7182:2015. Pabrik direncanakan berlokasi di Kawasan Industri Lubuk Pakam, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Perencanaan operasi dilakukan secara kontinyu selama 330 hari/tahun, dengan umur pabrik direncanakan selama 25 tahun dan masa kontruksi selama 5 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan, Untuk menghasilkan kapasitas tersebut dibutuhkan bahan baku yang meliputi PFAD sebesar 102.926,59 ton/tahun, Metanol sebesar 93.160,525 ton/tahun, NaOH sebesar 569,735 ton/tahun, H₂SO₄ sebesar 1693,8093 ton/tahun, dan Bleaching earth sebesar 2053,3160 ton/tahun. Selain itu, kebutuhan utilitas utama meliputi steam sebesar 24,830 ton/jam dan cooling water sebesar 36,675 ton/jam. Hasil evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan kebutuhan Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) sebesar Rp 1.685.682.453.916 dan Operating Expenditure (OPEX) sebesar Rp 27.765.182.002 per tahun. Analisis kelayakan ekonomi menghasilkan Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp1.316.569.479.801, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 22,96 %, Payback Period (PBP) selama 8,5 tahun atau 3,5 tahun setelah produksi pertama, serta Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 35,78%. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi teknis dan ekonomi tersebut, pabrik biodiesel berbahan baku PFAD berkapasitas 100.000 ton/tahun dinyatakan layak untuk didirikan serta berpotensi mendukung pengembangan energi terbarukan dan peningkatan nilai tambah industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia.
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This biodiesel plant is designed with a production capacity of 100,000 tons per year, utilizing Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) as the primary feedstock. PFAD was selected due to its abundant availability in Indonesia as a by-product of the palm oil refining process, with production reaching 2.45 million tons in 2025, making it a promising alternative feedstock for the development of renewable fuels. The production process consists of a combination of esterification and transesterification reactions. The esterification stage employs sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as the catalyst, achieving a 98% conversion to reduce the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content. Subsequently, the transesterification stage utilizes sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the catalyst, with a 99% conversion to produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). The reaction products are then purified through washing and drying processes to obtain biodiesel as the main product and 81% glycerol as a value-added by-product. Based on empirical calculations using the Krisnangkura (1986) correlation, the biodiesel produced has a cetane number of 63.32, which complies with the requirements of SNI 7182:2015. The proposed plant is planned to be located in the Lubuk Pakam Industrial Estate, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The plant is designed for continuous operation over 330 days per year, with a projected plant lifetime of 25 years and a construction period of 5 years. According to the design calculations, the annual raw material requirements to achieve the specified production capacity include 102,926.59 tons of PFAD, 93,160.525 tons of methanol, 569.735 tons of NaOH, 1,693.8093 tons of H₂SO₄, and 2,053.3160 tons of bleaching earth. The major utility requirements consist of 24.830 tons/h of steam and 36.675 tons/h of cooling water. The economic evaluation indicates a required Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) of IDR 1,685,682,453,916 and an Operating Expenditure (OPEX) of IDR 27,765,182,002 per year. The economic feasibility analysis yields a Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 1,316,569,479,801, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 22.96%, a Payback Period (PBP) of 8.5 years, equivalent to 3.5 years after the commencement of commercial operation, and a Break-Even Point (BEP) of 35.78%. Based on the technical and economic evaluation results, the proposed 100,000-ton-per-year PFAD-based biodiesel plant is considered technically and economically feasible for implementation and has significant potential to support the development of renewable energy while enhancing the added value of Indonesia's palm oil industry.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biodiesel, Esterifikasi, Lubuk Pakam, Metil Ester, PFAD, Transesterifikasi, Biodiesel, Esterification, Lubuk Pakam, Methyl Ester, PFAD, Transesterification |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Jimly Asshidiqy |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2026 03:59 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jul 2026 03:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139439 |
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