Pengaruh Variasi Arus Dan Traverse Speed FeCrMnNiCSi Metode WIre Arc Spray Terhadap Struktru Mikro dan SIfat Mekanik Material Baja S45C

Munif, Faisal Adli (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Arus Dan Traverse Speed FeCrMnNiCSi Metode WIre Arc Spray Terhadap Struktru Mikro dan SIfat Mekanik Material Baja S45C. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri alat berat menghadapi permasalahan keausan komponen yang bekerja pada kondisi beban tinggi dan kontak berulang. Salah satu komponen kritis adalah planetary gear final drive, khususnya pada bagian outer bearing raceway planet gear yang berfungsi langsung sebagai lintasan roller. Keausan pada area ini menyebabkan perubahan dimensi dan menurunkan kinerja komponen sehingga tidak lagi memenuhi standar operasional. Dalam praktik industri, metode remanufacturing seperti wire arc spray digunakan untuk mengembalikan dimensi sekaligus meningkatkan ketahanan permukaan komponen, namun kualitas lapisan yang dihasilkan sangat dipengaruhi oleh parameter proses. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi arus (200, 215, dan 230 A) dan traverse speed (7, 9, dan 11 mm/s) dalam matriks faktorial 3×3 terhadap struktur mikro dan sifat mekanik lapisan FeCrMnNiCSi dengan bond coat NiAl pada baja S45C menggunakan metode twin wire arc spray. Karakterisasi struktur mikro dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop optik metalografi, SEM-EDX, dan XRD, sedangkan sifat mekanik dievaluasi melalui pengujian kekerasan mikro Vickers dan kuantifikasi porositas dengan perangkat lunak ImageJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan traverse speed merupakan parameter dominan terhadap kekerasan dengan kontribusi 56% (p < 0,001), sedangkan arus hanya menyumbang 3% dan tidak signifikan (p = 0,065). Penurunan traverse speed memperpanjang dwell time sehingga splat menyebar lebih pipih dan kontak antar-lamela menjadi lebih rapat, sekaligus menaikkan ketebalan lapisan dari 557,81 µm menjadi 1172,79 µm. Sebaliknya, arus berpengaruh signifikan terhadap porositas (kontribusi 22%; p < 0,001) tetapi tidak terhadap kekerasan, karena kenaikan arus juga memperbesar ukuran droplet pada tekanan gas atomisasi yang tetap. Kombinasi 200 A dan 7 mm/s menghasilkan kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 464,4 HV (47,1 HRC), meningkat 82,1 HV atau 21,5% terhadap parameter baseline perusahaan 215 A dan 9 mm/s sebesar 382,3 HV. Urutan kekerasan tidak mengikuti urutan porositas maupun derajat oksidasi, melainkan ditentukan oleh kualitas kohesi antar-splat. Analisis XRD permukaan menunjukkan matriks kedua kondisi didominasi fasa γ-(Fe-Ni) disertai oksida Fe₂O₃ dan Fe₃O₄, dengan karbida Cr₇C₃ teridentifikasi secara konsisten pada kedua kondisi arus dan traverse speed tanpa perbedaan jenis fasa antar kondisi baseline dan optimal. Target kekerasan aplikasi remanufacturing sebesar 627 HV (50 HRC) belum tercapai pada rentang parameter yang diteliti.
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The heavy equipment industry faces wear problems in components operating under high loads and repeated contact. One of the critical components is the planetary gear final drive, particularly the outer bearing area of the planet gear that directly serves as the roller raceway. Wear in this area causes dimensional changes and reduces component performance, rendering it unable to meet operational standards. In industrial practice, remanufacturing methods such as wire arc spray are used to restore dimensions while improving surface durability; however, the resulting coating quality is strongly influenced by process parameters. This study aims to analyze the effect of arc current variation (200, 215, and 230 A) and traverse speed (7, 9, and 11 mm/s) in a 3×3 factorial matrix on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an FeCrMnNiCSi coating with a NiAl bond coat on S45C steel using the twin wire arc spray method. Microstructural characterization was performed using optical metallographic microscopy, SEM-EDX, and XRD, while mechanical properties were evaluated through Vickers microhardness testing and porosity quantification using ImageJ software. The results show that traverse speed is the dominant parameter governing hardness, contributing 56% (p < 0.001), whereas current contributes only 3% and is not significant (p = 0.065). Reducing traverse speed lengthens the dwell time so that splats flatten more effectively and inter-lamellar contact becomes denser, while also increasing coating thickness from 557.81 µm to 1172.79 µm. Conversely, current significantly affects porosity (22% contribution; p < 0.001) but not hardness, because a higher current simultaneously enlarges droplet size at a constant atomizing gas pressure. The combination of 200 A and 7 mm/s produced the highest hardness of 464.4 HV (47.1 HRC), an increase of 82.1 HV or 21.5% over the company baseline parameters of 215 A and 9 mm/s (382.3 HV). The hardness ranking does not follow the porosity ranking or the degree of oxidation, but is instead governed by inter-splat cohesion quality. Surface XRD analysis showed that the matrix of both conditions was dominated by the γ-(Fe-Ni) phase accompanied by Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ oxides, with Cr₇C₃ carbide consistently identified in both current and traverse speed conditions without any difference in phase type between the baseline and optimal conditions. The remanufacturing hardness target of 627 HV (50 HRC) was not achieved within the parameter range studied.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Arus, Baja S45C, FeCrMnNiCSi, Kekerasan Mikro, Mikrostruktur, Remanufaktur, Sifat Mekanik, Twin Wire Arc Spray, Arc Current, FeCrMnNiCSi, Mechanical Properties, Microhardness, Microstructure, Remanufacturing, S45C Steel, Twin Wire Arc Spray
Subjects: Q Science
Q Science > Q Science (General)
Q Science > QC Physics > QC100 Crystals.
Q Science > QC Physics > QC 611.97.T46 Temperature effects. Including transition temperature
Q Science > QC Physics > QC766.F3 Ferrites
Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas
Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD481 Chemical structure.
Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD75.2 Chemistry, Analytic
Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis
Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD905.2 Crystals.
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Faisal Adli Munif
Date Deposited: 01 Aug 2026 07:21
Last Modified: 01 Aug 2026 07:21
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139621

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