Andya, Fakhirah Yasmin (2026) Asesemen Risiko Kuantitatif Dan Desain Sistem Proteksi Pada Tangki Bahan Bakar Di Operasi Smelting. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri smelting memiliki risiko kebakaran dan ledakan tinggi karena beroperasi pada suhu tinggi serta menyimpan solar dan hidrogen dalam jumlah besar. Proyek akhir ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik area risiko akibat pelepasan bahan bakar, menganalisis dinamika kebakaran dan dispersi hidrogen melalui Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA), serta merancang sistem proteksi berdasarkan hasil simulasi. Metode penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data industri dan meteorologi, pemodelan menggunakan Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA), Event Tree Analysis (ETA), penyusunan kurva F–N, dan perancangan sistem proteksi. Simulasi mempertimbangkan sifat bahan bakar, dimensi tangki, ukuran dan posisi kebocoran, kondisi atmosfer, serta variasi kecepatan angin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa skenario BLEVE pada tangki solar dengan 100% massa membentuk fireball memberikan konsekuensi terbesar, yaitu zona merah 697 m, zona oranye 984 m, dan zona kuning 1,5 km. Namun, karena tangki yang dianalisis bersifat atmosferik, skenario ini digunakan sebagai sensitivitas konservatif. Pada skenario pool fire akibat kebocoran 10 cm, zona merah, oranye, dan kuning masing-masing mencapai 25 m, 27 m, dan 28 m. Pada tangki hidrogen, kebocoran tanpa penyalaan berdiameter 10 cm pada kecepatan angin 2 m/s menghasilkan zona ancaman 49 m, 63 m, dan 152 m, sedangkan large jet fire mencapai 28 m. Analisis ETA menunjukkan bahwa kebocoran kecil lebih sering terjadi, tetapi jarang berkembang menjadi kebakaran, sedangkan kebocoran besar lebih jarang namun berdampak lebih serius. Proteksi tangki solar mencakup deteksi kebocoran, emergency shutdown, bundwall, sump, fixed foam system, water spray, firewater ring main, fire monitor, emergency venting, dan evakuasi. Proteksi hidrogen meliputi detektor gas dan api, isolasi otomatis, penghentian kompresor, ventilasi, blowdown menuju vent stack, water spray, serta kendali jarak jauh. Desain mengacu pada standar NFPA terkait dan mempertimbangkan pencegahan efek domino antartangki. Proyek akhir ini diharapkan memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk membangun strategi mitigasi risiko kebakaran yang lebih efektif berupa desain sistem proteksi terhadap potensi bahaya kebakaran di area tangki penyimpanan bahan bakar pada industri smelting di Indonesia.
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The smelting industry is exposed to significant fire and explosion risks due to its high-temperature operations and the storage of large quantities of diesel fuel and hydrogen. This final project aims to identify the characteristics of risk zones resulting from fuel releases, analyze fire dynamics and hydrogen dispersion using a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) approach, and design protection systems based on simulation results. The methods include the collection of industrial and meteorological data, modeling using Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA), Event Tree Analysis (ETA), development of F–N curves, and protection system design. The simulations consider fuel properties, tank dimensions, leak size and location, atmospheric conditions, and variations in wind speed. The results indicate that the BLEVE scenario involving a diesel tank, with 100% of the fuel mass forming a fireball, produces the most severe consequences, with the red, orange, and yellow zones extending to 697 m, 984 m, and 1.5 km, respectively. However, because the tank is atmospheric, this scenario is treated as a conservative sensitivity case. In the pool fire scenario caused by a 10 cm leak, the red, orange, and yellow zones reach 25 m, 27 m, and 28 m, respectively. For the hydrogen tank, an unignited 10 cm leak at a wind speed of 2 m/s produces threat zones of 49 m, 63 m, and 152 m, while a large jet fire extends up to 28 m. The ETA shows that small leaks occur more frequently but rarely escalate into fires, whereas large leaks are less frequent but produce more severe consequences. Diesel tank protection includes leak detection, emergency shutdown, bundwalls, sumps, fixed foam systems, water spray, a firewater ring main, fire monitors, emergency venting, and evacuation measures. Hydrogen protection includes gas and flame detectors, automatic isolation, compressor shutdown, ventilation, blowdown to a vent stack, water spray, and remote emergency control. The design refers to relevant NFPA standards and considers the prevention of domino effects between tanks. This final project is expected to provide a scientific basis for developing more effective fire risk mitigation strategies through the design of protection systems against potential fire hazards in fuel storage tank areas within Indonesia’s smelting industry.
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