Multi-Carrier Waveform to Improve Timing Accuracy and Data Rate In LF Terrestrial Navigation

Malik, Hadid (2026) Multi-Carrier Waveform to Improve Timing Accuracy and Data Rate In LF Terrestrial Navigation. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sistem Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) yang akurat, stabil, dan andal sangat dibutuhkan dalam berbagai aplikasi, seperti transportasi dan telekomunikasi. Namun, teknologi berbasis satelit seperti Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) masih rentan terhadap gangguan, khususnya jamming dan spoofing, sehingga diperlukan sistem cadangan yang lebih kuat. Long Range Navigation (LORAN) merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai sistem pendukung PNT. Meskipun demikian, performa LORAN masih menghadapi beberapa kendala, antara lain efisiensi pemanfaatan sinyal yang rendah, interferensi skywave, serta variasi propagasi groundwave yang memengaruhi akurasi estimasi jarak.
Penelitian ini mengusulkan pengembangan desain sinyal LORAN berbasis konsep multicarrier untuk meningkatkan akurasi pengukuran PNT dan efisiensi spektral. Desain yang diusulkan mengintegrasikan komponen upslope, downslope, dan long carrier, serta mendukung transmisi data komunikasi. Sinyal dirancang untuk memenuhi kriteria spektrum LORAN, seperti frekuensi tengah 100 kHz, bandwidth 20 kHz pada rentang 90–110 kHz, persentase daya in-band lebih dari 99%, dan daya out-of-band kurang dari 1%.
Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah pengukuran PNT dapat meningkatkan akurasi waktu menjadi 13,36 ns pada 14 PNT dan 9,80 ns pada 26 PNT. Selain itu, sistem mampu mencapai laju data sebesar 200 bps, lebih tinggi dibandingkan LORAN konvensional. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diusulkan mampu meningkatkan akurasi timing dan kemampuan komunikasi, sekaligus mempertahankan kesesuaian spektrum dengan persentase daya in-band lebih dari 99%.
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Accurate, stable, and reliable Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) systems are essential for various applications, such as transportation and telecommunications. However, satellite-based technologies like Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remain vulnerable to interference, particularly jamming and spoofing, making a more robust backup system necessary. Long Range Navigation (LORAN) is one alternative that can be used as a PNT support system. Nevertheless, LORAN’s performance still faces several challenges, including low signal utilization efficiency, skywave interference, and variations in ground wave propagation that affect the accuracy of distance estimates.
This research proposes the development of a LORAN signal design based on the multicarrier concept to improve both PNT measurement and spectral efficiency. The proposed design integrates upslope, downslope, and long carrier components and supports the transmission of communication data. The signal is designed to meet LORAN spectrum criteria, such as center frequency of 100 kHz, bandwidth of 20 kHz in the 90–110 kHz range, in-band power percentage of more than 99%, and out-of-band power percentage of less than 1%.
The simulation results show that increasing the number of PNT measurements improves timing accuracy to 13.36 ns with 14 PNTs and 9.80 ns with 26 PNTs. In addition, the system achieves a data rate of 200 bps, exceeding conventional LORAN. These results indicate that the proposed method enhances both timing accuracy and communication capability while maintaining spectral compliance with in-band power percentage of more than 99%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	LORAN, Navigasi Terestrial, Multicarrier, PNT, Data Communication LORAN, Terrestrial Navigation, Multicarrier, PNT, Data Communication
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5102.9 Signal processing. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5103.484 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101 Telecommunication V Naval Science > VK > VK555 Navigation.
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Hadid Malik
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 08:01
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 08:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139779

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