Desain Pabrik Asam Laktat Food Grade dari Molase Menggunakan Bacillus coagulans dengan Proses Fermentasi

Syaharani, Najwa Luthfiya and Al Ghazali, Imam Ahmad (2026) Desain Pabrik Asam Laktat Food Grade dari Molase Menggunakan Bacillus coagulans dengan Proses Fermentasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya kebutuhan asam laktat food grade sebagai bahan baku industri pangan, farmasi, kosmetik, dan bioplastik mendorong pengembangan proses produksi yang efisien, berkelanjutan, dan ekonomis. Tugas desain pabrik ini bertujuan merancang pabrik asam laktat food grade berbahan baku molase menggunakan Bacillus coagulans melalui proses fermentasi. Pemilihan jalur proses dilakukan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), sehingga diperoleh proses fermentasi batch sebagai alternatif terbaik dengan penggunaan kalsium karbonat sebagai agen pengontrol pH, pemurnian melalui tahapan asidifikasi, dekolorisasi, penukar ion (ion exchange), serta pemekatan menggunakan kombinasi Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) dan Wiped Film Evaporator (WFE). Perancangan mencakup penyusunan Process Flow Diagram (PFD), neraca massa dan energi, desain peralatan utama, analisis keamanan pangan melalui penerapan GMP, GHP, SSOP, HACCP, dan Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal (SJPH), penyusunan P&ID, analisis HAZOP, serta evaluasi aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan. Pabrik dirancang berkapasitas 3.000 ton asam laktat per tahun dengan operasi batch selama 330 hari per tahun dan berlokasi di Kecamatan Panarukan, Kabupaten Situbondo. Bahan baku utama berupa molase sebanyak 7.159 ton per tahun menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 90%. Hasil evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan kebutuhan modal tetap (CAPEX) sebesar Rp283,03 miliar, biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp247,30 miliar per tahun, dan penerimaan penjualan sebesar Rp337,84 miliar per tahun. Analisis kelayakan menghasilkan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 17,37%, Pay Out Time (POT) selama 6 tahun, dan Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 30,53%. Berdasarkan hasil teknis, aspek keamanan pangan, analisis lingkungan, dan evaluasi ekonomi, desain pabrik asam laktat food grade dari molase menggunakan Bacillus coagulans dinyatakan layak untuk direalisasikan.
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The increasing demand for food-grade lactic acid in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and bioplastic industries necessitates the development of an efficient, sustainable, and economically feasible production process. This food plant design project aims to design a food-grade lactic acid production plant using molasses as the primary feedstock and Bacillus coagulans as the fermenting microorganism. Process selection was performed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), resulting in batch fermentation as the preferred production route, with calcium carbonate as the pH control agent, purification through acidification, decolorization, ion exchange, and concentration using a combination of Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) and Wiped Film Evaporation (WFE). The design includes the preparation of the Process Flow Diagram (PFD), mass and energy balances, major equipment design, food safety evaluation through the implementation of GMP, GHP, SSOP, HACCP, and the Halal Product Assurance System (SJPH), P&ID development, HAZOP analysis, and economic and environmental assessments. The proposed plant is designed to produce 3,000 tons of food-grade lactic acid annually through a batch operation for 330 operating days per year and is located in Panarukan District, Situbondo Regency, Indonesia. The plant utilizes 7,159 tons of molasses annually, achieving an overall lactic acid yield of 90%. Economic evaluation indicates a capital expenditure (CAPEX) of IDR 283.03 billion, an annual operating expenditure (OPEX) of IDR 247.30 billion, and annual sales revenue of IDR 337.84 billion. Financial feasibility analysis yields an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 17.37%, a Pay Out Time (POT) of 6 years, and a Break Even Point (BEP) of 30.53%. Based on the technical design, food safety assessment, environmental considerations, and economic evaluation, the proposed food-grade lactic acid plant is considered technically and economically feasible for industrial implementation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asam laktat, molase, Bacillus coagulans, fermentasi, desain pabrik, analisis ekonomi.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.27.P55 Plant biotechnology. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > Food Engineering : 41221-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Najwa Luthfiya Syaharani
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 01:13
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 01:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140076

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