Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Azimuth Angle Dan Ketinggian Floating Photovoltaic Module Terhadap Performa Panel Surya

Adityatama, Shafri Indra (2026) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Azimuth Angle Dan Ketinggian Floating Photovoltaic Module Terhadap Performa Panel Surya. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) merupakan langkah strategis pemanfaatan energi surya di Indonesia tanpa memerlukan ekspansi lahan darat secara masif, seperti yang telah beroperasi pada PLTS Cirata berkapasitas 152 MWp. Namun, konfigurasi panel berjenis fixed tilt pada FPV memiliki keterbatasan dalam menangkap radiasi matahari secara optimal sepanjang hari. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kombinasi sudut azimuth dan ketinggian modul dari permukaan air guna mengoptimalkan kinerja termal dan daya keluaran panel surya. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di danau depan Graha Sepuluh Nopember dengan variasi sudut azimuth (+20°, 0°, dan -20°) serta variasi ketinggian modul (250 mm, 500 mm, dan 750 mm). Pengambilan data dilakukan mulai pukul 09.00 hingga 15.00 WIB dengan interval 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sudut azimuth mempengaruhi pola pergeseran waktu pencapaian daya puncak. Azimuth 0° menghasilkan total daya harian tertinggi karena menerima radiasi matahari secara konstan sepanjang hari dengan perbedaan daya luaran harian terhadap variasi azimuth lain sebesar 0,67 Watt , sedangkan azimuth -20° optimal pada pagi hari dan azimuth +20° optimal pada siang hingga sore hari. Sementara itu, ketinggian modul bertindak sebagai faktor kontrol dominan terhadap temperatur kerja panel. Ketinggian 750 mm memberikan efek pendinginan terbaik berkat sirkulasi udara alami yang optimal dengan ΔT tertinggi (1,21 °C). Sebaliknya, ketinggian 250 mm menyebabkan fenomena heat trap yang meningkatkan temperatur bawah panel melampaui temperatur atasnya sehingga didapat ΔT terendah (-1,28 °C). Konfigurasi paling optimal dicapai melalui penggabungan azimuth -20° (pukul 09.00–11.00 WIB) dan azimuth +20° (pukul 11.30–15.00 WIB) pada ketinggian 750 mm dari permukaan air untuk menghasilkan daya harian maksimal.
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Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) represents a strategic approach to solar energy utilization in Indonesia without requiring massive land expansion, as implemented at the 152 MWp Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant. However, the fixed-tilt panel configuration in FPV systems presents limitations in capturing optimal solar radiation throughout the day. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the combination of azimuth angles and module heights above the water surface to optimize the thermal performance and power output of solar panels. This experimental research was conducted at the lake in front of Graha Sepuluh Nopember, utilizing variations in azimuth angles (+20°, 0°, and -20°) and module heights (250 mm, 500 mm, and 750 mm). Data collection was carried out from 09:00 to 15:00 WIB at 30-minute intervals. The results indicated that the azimuth angle affects the time shift pattern in reaching peak power output. An azimuth angle of 0° yielded the highest total daily power because it received continuous solar radiation throughout the testing period, with a daily output difference of 0.67 Watts compared to other azimuth variations. Meanwhile, an azimuth of -20° was optimal in the morning, and an azimuth of +20° was optimal from noon to afternoon. Furthermore, the module height acted as a dominant control factor over the operating temperature of the panels. A height of 750 mm provided the best cooling effect through optimal natural air circulation, producing the highest ΔT (1,21 °C). Conversely, a height of 250 mm caused a heat trap phenomenon that raised the temperature underneath the panel above its top surface temperature, resulting in the lowest ΔT (-1.28°C). The most optimal configuration was achieved by combining an azimuth of -20° (09:00–11:00 WIB) and an azimuth of +20° (11:30–15:00 WIB) at a module height of 750 mm above the water surface to generate the maximum daily power output.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Azimuth, Efisiensi, FPV, Iradiasi, Ketinggian panel Azimuth, Efficiency, FPV, Irradiation, Panel height
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ810.5 Solar energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Shafri Indra Adityatama
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 07:18
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 07:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140099

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