Analisis Major Accident Hazards Dan Penentuan Safety Critical Elements Pada Stasiun Gas Pembagi Area Gresik Menggunakan Metode HAZOP Dan Bow Tie

Hikmiyah, Jasillatul Hikmiyah (2026) Analisis Major Accident Hazards Dan Penentuan Safety Critical Elements Pada Stasiun Gas Pembagi Area Gresik Menggunakan Metode HAZOP Dan Bow Tie. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Stasiun Gas Pembagi Gresik merupakan salah satu fasilitas distribusi gas alam yang memiliki potensi terjadinya Major Accident Hazards (MAH) akibat kegagalan peralatan maupun penyimpangan parameter proses. Dalam pengelolaan keselamatan proses, perusahaan perlu mengidentifikasi Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) yang berperan dalam pengendalian MAH beserta tingkat kekritisannya karena setiap SCEs memiliki kontribusi yang berbeda terhadap efektivitas fungsi barrier. Informasi tersebut diperlukan sebagai dasar bagi perusahaan dalam menentukan prioritas pengelolaan SCEs berdasarkan tingkat kekritisannya dalam mencegah maupun mengurangi dampak MAH. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis MAH serta menentukan Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) beserta tingkat kekritisannya pada fasilitas tersebut menggunakan metode Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), Risk Matrix, dan Bow Tie. HAZOP dan Risk Matrix digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menilai risiko MAH, sedangkan Bow Tie digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi barrier keselamatan serta menentukan SCEs. Berdasarkan hasil HAZOP dan penilaian risiko, teridentifikasi 17 possible cause pada sistem Metering and Regulating dan sistem Odorant yang didominasi oleh kesalahan pengoperasian valve, kegagalan fungsi peralatan, dan korosi pada pipa maupun peralatan. Berdasarkan klasifikasi hazard ISO 17776, possible cause tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam dua kategori MAH, yaitu loss of containment gas hidrokarbon dan loss of containment odorant. Berdasarkan identifikasi barrier, diperoleh 75 elemen SCEs yang dikelompokkan ke dalam 26 jenis SCEs pada kategori prevention, detection, control, mitigation, dan recovery. Hasil criticality ranking menunjukkan sebanyak 14 SCEs (53,85%) termasuk kategori high criticality, 8 SCEs (30,77%) kategori medium criticality, dan 4 SCEs (15,38%) kategori low criticality. Beberapa SCEs yang termasuk kategori high criticality antara lain HC Pipework, Level Indicator, Fixed Point Flammable Gas Detectors, dan Flame Detectors. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan HAZOP dan Bow Tie mampu mendukung analisis MAH serta penentuan SCEs pada fasilitas distribusi gas alam.
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The Gresik Gas Distribution Station is a natural gas distribution facility with the potential for Major Accident Hazards (MAHs) arising from equipment failures and deviations in process parameters. In process safety management, it is essential for the company to identify Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) involved in controlling MAHs and to assess their criticality, as each SCE contributes differently to the effectiveness of safety barriers. This information provides a basis for prioritizing the management of SCEs according to their criticality in preventing or mitigating the consequences of MAHs. This study aims to analyze MAHs and determine the associated Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) and their criticality at the Gresik Gas Distribution Station using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), Risk Matrix, and Bow Tie methods. HAZOP and the Risk Matrix were employed to identify and assess MAH risks, while the Bow Tie method was used to identify safety barriers and determine the corresponding SCEs. Based on the HAZOP results and risk assessment, 17 possible causes were identified in the Metering and Regulating system and the Odorant system, predominantly caused by valve misoperation, equipment failures, and corrosion of pipelines and equipment. According to the hazard classification in ISO 17776, these possible causes were classified into two MAH categories: loss of containment of hydrocarbon gas and loss of containment of odorant. The barrier identification process resulted in 75 SCEs, which were grouped into 26 SCE types under the categories of prevention, detection, control, mitigation, and recovery. The criticality ranking results showed that 14 SCEs (53.85%) were classified as high criticality, 8 SCEs (30.77%) as medium criticality, and 4 SCEs (15.38%) as low criticality. Examples of high-criticality SCEs include HC Pipework, Level Indicator, Fixed Point Flammable Gas Detectors, and Flame Detectors. The results demonstrate that the combined application of HAZOP and Bow Tie effectively supports MAH analysis and the identification of Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) in natural gas distribution facilities.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Analisis Risiko, Bow Tie, HAZOP, MAH, SCEs, Stasiun Gas Pembagi, Risk Analysis, Gas Distribution Station
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55 Industrial Safety
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Jasillatul Hikmiyah
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 00:55
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 00:55
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140186

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