Simulasi Pengaruh Variasi Beban Terhadap Performa Turbin Gas 3.1 Pada Co-Firing Hidrogen Dan Bahan Bakar Natural Gas Menggunakan Simulasi Cycle Tempo

Widad, Fina Zahrotul (2026) Simulasi Pengaruh Variasi Beban Terhadap Performa Turbin Gas 3.1 Pada Co-Firing Hidrogen Dan Bahan Bakar Natural Gas Menggunakan Simulasi Cycle Tempo. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan hidrogen sebagai bahan bakar alternatif melalui metode co-firing menjadi salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan performa turbin gas sekaligus mengurangi emisi karbon pada pembangkit listrik tenaga gas. Berbeda dengan natural gas, hidrogen tidak mengandung unsur karbon sehingga berpotensi menurunkan emisi CO₂ tanpa memerlukan perubahan besar pada sistem pembangkit yang telah ada. Penerapan co-firing hidrogen juga mendukung transisi energi berkelanjutan sesuai dengan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), terutama SDG 7 dan SDG 13. Namun, karakteristik pembakaran hidrogen yang berbeda dengan natural gas dapat memengaruhi kebutuhan udara pembakaran dan performa turbin gas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi rasio co-firing hidrogen dan natural gas serta variasi pembebanan terhadap performa Turbin Gas 3.1 menggunakan perangkat lunak Cycle-Tempo. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode simulasi pada model Turbin Gas 3.1 menggunakan perangkat lunak Cycle-Tempo. Simulasi dilakukan pada tiga kondisi pembebanan, yaitu 100%, 75%, dan 50%, dengan variasi campuran hidrogen sebesar 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, dan 50% berdasarkan fraksi energi. Nilai kalor masukan (heat input atau Qin) dipertahankan konstan pada setiap variasi sehingga perubahan performa dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik campuran bahan bakar. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi power output, efisiensi termal, specific fuel consumption (SFC), heat rate, dan emisi CO₂. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi hidrogen meningkatkan performa turbin gas pada seluruh kondisi pembebanan. Pada pembebanan 100%, power output meningkat dari 102.570,02 kW menjadi 103.233,89 kW dan efisiensi termal meningkat dari 33,148% menjadi 33,363%. Nilai SFC menurun dari 0,221 kg/kWh menjadi 0,189 kg/kWh, sedangkan heat rate menurun dari 2632,38 kCal/kWh menjadi 2615,45 kCal/kWh. Tren serupa juga terjadi pada pembebanan 75% dan 50%. Emisi CO₂ menurun dari 1,145 menjadi 0,572 atau sebesar 50,04% dibandingkan penggunaan 100% natural gas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan co-firing hidrogen mampu meningkatkan power output dan efisiensi termal serta menurunkan SFC, heat rate, dan emisi CO₂, sehingga berpotensi mendukung peningkatan efisiensi pembangkit listrik tenaga gas dan transisi menuju sistem energi yang lebih bersih.
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Hydrogen utilization as an alternative fuel through the co-firing method has emerged as a promising approach to improving gas turbine performance while reducing carbon emissions from gas-fired power plants. Unlike natural gas, hydrogen contains no carbon, making it capable of reducing CO₂ emissions without requiring significant modifications to existing power generation systems. The implementation of hydrogen co-firing also supports the transition toward sustainable energy in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. However, the combustion characteristics of hydrogen differ from those of natural gas, which may affect combustion air requirements and gas turbine performance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of varying hydrogen and natural gas co-firing ratios as well as different load conditions on the performance of Gas Turbine 3.1 using Cycle-Tempo software. This research was conducted using a simulation approach based on a Gas Turbine 3.1 model developed in Cycle-Tempo. Simulations were performed under three load conditions, namely 100%, 75%, and 50%, with hydrogen energy fractions of 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, and 50%. The heat input (Qin) was maintained constant for all fuel mixture variations to ensure that performance changes resulted solely from differences in fuel characteristics. The evaluated performance parameters included power output, thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC), heat rate, and CO₂ emissions. The simulation results indicate that increasing the hydrogen fraction improves gas turbine performance under all load conditions. At 100% load, the power output increased from 102,570.02 kW to 103,233.89 kW, while thermal efficiency increased from 33.148% to 33.363%. The SFC decreased from 0.221 kg/kWh to 0.189 kg/kWh, and the heat rate decreased from 2,632.38 kcal/kWh to 2,615.45 kcal/kWh. Similar trends were observed at the 75% and 50% load conditions. In addition, CO₂ emissions decreased from 1.145 to 0.572, representing a 50.04% reduction compared with the use of 100% natural gas. These findings demonstrate that hydrogen co-firing can enhance power output and thermal efficiency while reducing SFC, heat rate, and CO₂ emissions, indicating its potential to improve the efficiency of gas-fired power plants and support the transition toward a cleaner energy system.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Co-firing hidrogen, turbin gas, Cycle-Tempo, performa turbin gas, emisi CO₂, efisiensi termal. hydrogen co-firing, gas turbine, Cycle-Tempo, gas turbine performance, CO₂ emissions, thermal efficiency.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ266 Turbines. Turbomachines (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Fina Zahrotul Widad
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 01:42
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 01:42
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140262

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