Analisis Numerik Pengaruh Posisi Dan Geometri Vortex Generator Terhadap Kinerja Daya Turbin Angin Skala Kecil Berbasis Airfoil NACA 6412

Rais, Faiq Attar Mayfrido (2026) Analisis Numerik Pengaruh Posisi Dan Geometri Vortex Generator Terhadap Kinerja Daya Turbin Angin Skala Kecil Berbasis Airfoil NACA 6412. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Potensi angin Indonesia sebagian besar berada pada kecepatan rendah (rata-rata 6 m/s), menyebabkan Turbin Angin Sumbu Horizontal Skala Kecil (Small Wind Turbine/SWT) sering beroperasi pada kondisi off-design, yaitu ketika Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) turun dari nilai desain sehingga sudut serang meningkat dan memicu separasi aliran dini. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh vortex generator (VG) triangular terhadap performa aerodinamika bilah SWT berdiameter 14 m berbasis airfoil NACA 6412, menggunakan simulasi numerik steady RANS dengan model turbulensi k-ω SST. VG diuji pada rentang spanwise 30%R–50%R, dua posisi chordwise (x/c=30% dan 40%), dan dua tinggi (0,75% dan 1%Cmax), pada kondisi desain (TSR=7; V∞=7,5 m/s) dan off-design (TSR=5; V∞=6 m/s). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi desain, seluruh konfigurasi VG memberikan pengaruh minimal terhadap daya rotor (−0,71% hingga +0,43%) karena aliran telah melekat penuh, sedangkan pada kondisi off-design, seluruh konfigurasi VG memberikan peningkatan daya yang konsisten (+2,78% hingga +6,98%). Konfigurasi h=12,01 mm (1%Cmax); x/c=40% memberikan performa terbaik, dengan temuan tambahan bahwa posisi chordwise dan tinggi VG tidak berpengaruh secara independen, melainkan saling berinteraksi. Analisis aliran kualitatif mengonfirmasi bahwa perbaikan pola aliran akibat VG menjalar hingga outer span, di luar zona pemasangan fisiknya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa VG efektif sebagai metode kontrol aliran pasif untuk memulihkan performa SWT pada kondisi angin rendah dan variatif tanpa penalti berarti pada kondisi desain.
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Most of Indonesia's wind potential lies within a low wind speed range (average 6 m/s), causing Small Wind Turbines (SWTs) to frequently operate under off-design conditions when the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) drops below its design value, increasing the angle of attack and triggering premature flow separation. This study analyzes the effect of triangular vortex generators (VGs) on the aerodynamic performance of a 14 m diameter SWT blade based on the NACA 6412 airfoil, using steady RANS numerical simulation with the k-ω SST turbulence model. VGs were tested across a spanwise range of 30%R–50%R, at two chordwise positions (x/c = 30% and 40%), and two heights (0.75% and 1%Cmax), under design (TSR=7; V∞=7.5 m/s) and off-design (TSR=5; V∞=6 m/s) conditions. Results show that at the design condition, all VG configurations produced negligible effects on rotor power (−0.71% to +0.43%) since the flow remained fully attached, whereas at the off-design condition, all configurations yielded consistent power gains (+2.78% to +6.98%). The h=12.01 mm (1%Cmax); x/c=40% configuration achieved the best performance, with an additional finding that chordwise position and VG height do not act independently but interact with one another. Qualitative flow analysis confirmed that the flow improvement induced by the VG propagates toward the outer span, beyond its physical installation zone. This study concludes that VGs serve as an effective passive flow control method for recovering SWT performance under low and variable wind conditions, without imposing a meaningful penalty at the design condition.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Vortex Generator, NACA 6412, Turbin Angin Horizontal, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Vortex Generator, NACA 6412, Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines.
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QC Physics > QC151 Fluid dynamics T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ266 Turbines. Turbomachines (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ820 Wind power T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ828 Wind turbines
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Faiq Attar Mayfrido Rais
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 01:37
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 01:37
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140285

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