Hazim, Ghazy Muhammad and Machsun, Muhammad Rif'an Fadli (2026) Desain Pabrik Produksi Levulinic Acid Terintegrasi Dengan Produksi Furfural, 5-HMF, Dan 2-MTHF Dari Limbah TKKS Dengan Pre-treatment Steam Explosion. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Asam levulinat (LA) merupakan bahan kimia platform berbasis biomassa lignoselulosa yang memiliki nilai strategis tinggi karena dapat diturunkan menjadi berbagai produk bernilai tambah seperti 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF), furfural, dan 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), serta diaplikasikan pada industri kosmetik, farmasi, plastik, aditif makanan, dan agrikultur. Pasar global asam levulinat pada tahun 2023 tercatat sebesar USD 80 juta dan diproyeksikan tumbuh dengan CAGR 9,4% hingga mencapai USD 144,7 juta pada tahun 2030, sementara hingga saat ini Indonesia belum memiliki pabrik produksi asam levulinat meskipun memiliki potensi bahan baku biomassa yang melimpah. Oleh karena itu, dirancang pabrik produksi asam levulinat terintegrasi dengan kapasitas 25.810,64 ton/tahun, menggunakan bahan baku tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sebanyak 150.600 ton/tahun yang diperoleh dari Provinsi Riau sebagai sentra perkebunan kelapa sawit terbesar di Indonesia. Proses produksi terdiri atas enam unit utama, yaitu unit pre-treatment dengan metode steam explosion, unit hidrolisis, unit dehidrasi glukosa dan xilosa menjadi 5-HMF dan furfural, unit pemisahan dan rehidrasi 5-HMF menjadi asam levulinat dan asam format, unit purifikasi asam levulinat, serta unit hidrogenasi furfural menjadi 2-MTHF. Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi selama 330 hari per tahun, dengan umur pabrik 15 tahun dan masa konstruksi 3 tahun. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan nilai Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) sebesar Rp135.931.709.268 dan Operating Expenditure (OPEX) sebesar Rp 236.557.701.016. Dengan WACC sebesar 9%, diperoleh Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp 92.246.739.094,40, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 12,17% per tahun, Pay Out Time (POT) selama 5,74 tahun, dan Break Even Point (BEP) pada kapasitas produksi 34,84%. Nilai IRR yang lebih besar dari WACC (9%) dan suku bunga pinjaman bank (8,05%) serta POT yang singkat menunjukkan bahwa pabrik ini layak secara teknis dan ekonomis untuk didirikan, sekaligus berpotensi memberikan dampak sosial dan lingkungan positif melalui penyerapan tenaga kerja lokal dan pengelolaan limbah biomassa menjadi produk bernilai tambah.
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Levulinic acid (LA) is a lignocellulosic biomass-based platform chemical with high strategic value due to its potential to be converted into various value-added products, such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF), furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), as well as its applications in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, plastics, food additive, and agricultural industries. The global levulinic acid market was valued at USD 80 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.4%, reaching USD 144.7 million by 2030. Despite Indonesia’s abundant biomass resources, no commercial levulinic acid production plant has yet been established in the country. Therefore, an integrated levulinic acid production plant with a capacity of 25,810.64 tons/year is proposed, utilizing 150,600 tons/year of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) sourced from Riau Province, one of Indonesia’s major oil palm plantation regions. The production process consists of six main units: a pre-treatment unit employing the steam explosion method, a hydrolysis unit, a glucose and xylose dehydration unit for the production of 5-HMF and furfural, a separation and 5-HMF rehydration unit for the production of levulinic acid and formic acid, a levulinic acid purification unit, and a furfural hydrogenation unit for the production of 2-MTHF. The plant is designed to operate for 330 days per year, with a plant lifetime of 15 years and a construction period of 3 years. The economic analysis indicates a Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) of Rp135,931,709,268 and an Operating Expenditure (OPEX) of Rp236,557,701,016. At a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 9%, the project yields a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp92,246,739,094.40, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12.17% per year, a Pay Out Time (POT) of 5.74 years, and a Break-Even Point (BEP) at 34.84% of production capacity. The IRR, which exceeds both the WACC (9%) and the bank lending interest rate (8.05%), together with the relatively short POT, indicates that the proposed plant is technically and economically feasible. Furthermore, the plant has the potential to generate positive social and environmental impacts through local employment opportunities and the conversion of biomass waste into value-added products.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | asam levulinat, biorefinery, steam explosion, tandan kosong kelapa sawit,levulinic acid, biorefinery, steam explosion, oil palm empty fruit bunches. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ghazy Muhammad Hazim |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jul 2026 04:25 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jul 2026 04:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140312 |
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