Kusumawardani, Difia Rizky (2026) Isolasi dan Identifikasi Fungi dari Limbah Kulit Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) serta Analisis Pengaruh Suhu dan pH terhadap Degradasi Fenol. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Limbah kulit kopi Robusta merupakan limbah pertanian yang mengandung berbagai senyawa fenolik, termasuk fenol, yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Biodegradasi menggunakan fungi indigenous menjadi salah satu alternatif yang ramah lingkungan karena fungi mampu menghasilkan enzim oksidatif yang berperan dalam degradasi senyawa aromatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi fungi pendegradasi fenol dari limbah kulit kopi Robusta serta menganalisis pengaruh suhu dan pH terhadap aktivitas degradasi fenol oleh isolat terbaik. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan metode direct plating dan spread plate pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), dilanjutkan dengan pemurnian dan identifikasi morfologi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Potensi degradasi fenol diseleksi menggunakan media Czapek-Dox Agar yang mengandung 0,5% asam tanat. Isolat terpilih kemudian diuji profil pertumbuhannya, diaklimatisasi dalam Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) yang mengandung fenol, dan diuji kemampuan degradasinya pada variasi pH (4, 5, dan 6) serta suhu (25, 30, dan 35°C). Konsentrasi residu fenol ditentukan menggunakan metode Folin–Ciocalteu dengan spektrofotometer UV–Vis, sedangkan data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas Shapiro–Wilk, ANOVA dua arah, dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungi yang berhasil diisolasi terdiri atas tiga genus, yaitu Aspergillus, Rhizopus, dan Fusarium, dengan genus Aspergillus terdiri atas Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, dan Aspergillus ochraceus. Berdasarkan hasil screening, Fusarium sp. dipilih sebagai isolat terbaik karena menunjukkan aktivitas degradasi fenol paling tinggi. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa suhu, pH, serta interaksi keduanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap degradasi fenol (p < 0,05). Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada pH 5 dan suhu 35°C dengan efisiensi degradasi fenol sebesar 84,02%, sedangkan degradasi terendah terjadi pada pH 4 dan suhu 25°C sebesar 57,62%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Fusarium sp. dari limbah kulit kopi Robusta berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen bioremediasi untuk pengolahan limbah yang mengandung senyawa fenolik.
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Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) husk is an abundant agricultural by-product containing various phenolic compounds, including phenol, which may pose environmental risks if improperly managed. Biodegradation using indigenous fungi represents an environmentally friendly alternative due to their ability to produce oxidative enzymes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds. This study aimed to isolate and identify phenol-degrading fungi from Robusta coffee husk and to evaluate the effects of temperature and pH on phenol degradation by the most efficient isolate. Fungal isolation was performed using the direct plating and spread plate methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), followed by purification and morphological identification based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The phenol degradation potential of the isolates was screened on Czapek–Dox Agar supplemented with 0.5% tannic acid. The selected isolate was subsequently evaluated for its growth profile, acclimatized in phenol-containing Mineral Salt Medium (MSM), and assessed for phenol degradation under different pH levels (4, 5, and 6) and incubation temperatures (25, 30, and 35°C). Residual phenol concentration was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method with a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the isolated fungi belonged to three genera, namely Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Fusarium, with the genus Aspergillus comprising Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus ochraceus. Based on the screening results, Fusarium sp. was selected as the most promising isolate due to its superior phenol-degrading activity. Statistical analysis demonstrated that temperature, pH, and their interaction significantly affected phenol degradation (p < 0.05). The optimum degradation condition was achieved at pH 5 and 35°C, resulting in a phenol degradation efficiency of 84.02%, whereas the lowest degradation efficiency (57.62%) was observed at pH 4 and 25°C. These findings demonstrate that Fusarium sp. isolated from Robusta coffee husk has considerable potential for development as a bioremediation agent for the treatment of phenolic-contaminated waste.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioremediasi, Degradasi Fenol, Fungi, Limbah Kulit Kopi, Suhu, pH, Bioremediation, Coffee Husk Waste, Phenol Degradation, Temperature |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Difia Rizky Kusumawardani |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2026 01:15 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2026 01:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140469 |
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