Pengendalian Adaptif Superkapasitor untuk Merespons Fluktuasi Beban pada Sistem Pembangkitan Listrik di Lapangan Hulu Migas

Lapu, Henrie Paulinus Manga (2026) Pengendalian Adaptif Superkapasitor untuk Merespons Fluktuasi Beban pada Sistem Pembangkitan Listrik di Lapangan Hulu Migas. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Fluktuasi beban pada sistem pembangkitan listrik di lapangan hulu migas dapat menyebabkan ketidakstabilan tegangan dan frekuensi, yang berdampak pada kinerja gas engine utamanya pada unit lean gas engine yang dibatasi oleh load step serta keandalan sistem secara keseluruhan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, penelitian ini mengusulkan sistem pengendalian adaptif berbasis superkapasitor yang dikendalikan menggunakan PID kontroller pada rangkaian bidirectional dc-dc converter maupun pada bidirectional inverter. Superkapasitor digunakan sebagai elemen penyimpanan energi cepat untuk menyerap atau menyuplai daya saat terjadi perubahan beban kontinyu seperti beban SRP (Sucker Rod Pump) maupun HPU (Hydraulic Pumping Unit). Algoritma kontrol dirancang untuk menjaga gas engine generator, khususnya lean gas engine generator, beroperasi pada kondisi yang stabil dan optimal dengan mempertahankan keluaran daya aktif yang relatif konstan (power smoothing) meskipun terjadi fluktuasi beban. Dalam skema ini, superkapasitor berfungsi sebagai penyangga energi (energy buffer) dengan menyerap energi listrik saat terjadi penurunan beban dan melepaskan energi listrik saat terjadi kenaikan beban. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil simulasi sistem yang dikembangkan, dilakukan proses sizing superkapasitor secara optimal untuk menentukan kapasitas penyimpanan energi yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan daya selama kondisi transien serta menjaga operasi sistem tetap berada dalam batas yang diinginkan. Dengan menggunakan Matlab/ Simulink didapatkan bahwa daya yang diserap maupun dilepas oleh superkapasitor dapat tersalurkan dengan baik dengan menjaga parameter listrik khususnya daya aktif yang dipikul oleh lean gas engine generator. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan profil daya pada sisi inverter mampu mengikuti referensi daya superkapasitor dengan tingkat kesalahan yang relatif rendah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) sebesar 6.22% atau sebesar 1.449 kW.
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Load fluctuations in power generation systems at upstream oil and gas fields can lead to voltage and frequency instability, which may adversely affect gas engine performance, particularly for lean-burn gas engines that are constrained by load-step limitations, as well as the overall reliability of the power system. To address this issue, this study proposes an adaptive supercapacitor-based control system utilizing PID controllers implemented in both the bidirectional DC–DC converter and the bidirectional inverter. The supercapacitor serves as a fast-response energy storage device capable of absorbing or supplying power during continuous load variations, such as those caused by sucker rod pumping (SRP) units and hydraulic power units (HPU). The control algorithm is designed to maintain the gas engine generator, particularly the lean-burn gas engine generator, under stable and optimal operating conditions by keeping its active power output relatively constant despite load fluctuations (power smoothing). In the proposed scheme, the supercapacitor functions as an energy buffer, absorbing electrical energy during load decreases and supplying electrical energy during load increases. Furthermore, based on the simulation results of the developed system, an optimal supercapacitor sizing procedure is carried out to determine the appropriate energy storage capacity required to satisfy power demands during transient conditions while ensuring that system operation remains within the desired operating limits. Simulation studies conducted using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the power absorbed and released by the supercapacitor can be effectively transferred through the power conversion system while maintaining key electrical parameters, particularly the active power supplied by the lean-burn gas engine generator. The results indicate that the inverter output power is able to accurately track the supercapacitor power reference with a relatively low error. This performance is reflected by a normalized Mean Absolute Error (nMAE) of 6.22%, corresponding to an average power tracking error of 1.449 kW.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Superkapasitor, Load step, Power Smoothing, Fluktuasi Beban, PID Kontroller, Supercapacitor, Load step, Power Smoothing, Load Fluctuation, PID Controller
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ223 PID controllers T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1007 Electric power systems control T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7872.C65 Supercapacitors.
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Henrie Paulinus Manga Lapu
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 06:36
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 06:36
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140493

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