Sintesis, Karakterisasi, dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Kompleks Biner [Cu(Levofloksasin)2] dan Campuran Cu2O-Levofloksasin

Martissa, Anastacia Jingga (2026) Sintesis, Karakterisasi, dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Kompleks Biner [Cu(Levofloksasin)2] dan Campuran Cu2O-Levofloksasin. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik golongan fluorokuinolon terus meningkat seiring waktu, sehingga diperlukan strategi alternatif untuk mempertahankan efektivitasnya. Modifikasi antibiotik melalui logam transisi banyak dikembangkan karena dapat membentuk ikatan koordinasi dengan gugus donor pada struktur obat sekaligus memberikan aktivitas biologis tambahan. Tembaga dipilih sebagai logam modifikasi karena memiliki toksisitas rendah serta aktivitas antibakteri intrinsik melalui mekanisme redoks Cu(II)/Cu(I). LEV (Levofloksasin) sebagai generasi ketiga fluorokuinolon dipilih sebagai ligan karena memiliki spektrum luas yang memiliki gugus karbonil dan karboksilat reaktif yang berpotensi membentuk interaksi yang beragam dengan spesi tembaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi dua model tembaga-LEV yang berbeda secara mekanistik, yaitu kompleks koordinasi biner [Cu(LEV)2] dan campuran Cu2O-LEV, serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri nya terhadap Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dibandingkan dengan LEV murni. [Cu(LEV)2] disintesis melalui refluks dalam metanol dengan rasio molar logam:ligan 1:2. Cu2O disintesis menggunakan prekursor tembaga sulfat dengan glukosa sebagai agen pereduksi dan trisodium sitrat (TSC) sebagai capping agent, kemudian dicampurkan dengan LEV. Karakterisasi FTIR mengonfirmasi koordinasi bidentat LEV terhadap Cu2+ pada [Cu(LEV)2] melalui hilangnya pita v(C=O) karboksilat dan munculnya pita vs(COO-), sedangkan pada Cu2O-LEV hanya teramati pergeseran pita serapan dalam rentang kecil yang mengindikasikan interaksi non-kovalen. Analisis XRD mengonfirmasi fase Cu2O (JCPDS 005-0667) dengan ukuran kristalit 82,40 nm berdasarkan persamaan Scherrer. Uji aktivitas antibakteri metode difusi cakram menunjukkan bahwa terhadap B. subtilis, baik [Cu(LEV)2] (18,72 mm) maupun Cu2O-LEV (18,91 mm) menghasilkan zona hambat lebih kecil dibandingkan LEV murni (20,10 mm). Sebaliknya, terhadap P. aeruginosa, Cu2O-LEV menghasilkan zona hambat lebih besar (32,68 mm) dibandingkan LEV murni (31,65 mm), sementara [Cu(LEV)2] tetap menunjukkan penurunan. Seluruh sampel tetap menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri pada kategori kuat hingga sangat kuat, mengindikasikan bahwa modifikasi LEV berbasis tembaga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai pendekatan alternatif dalam mengatasi resistensi antibiotik
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Bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics continues to increase over time, making alternative strategies necessary to maintain their effectiveness. Modifications of antibiotics using transition metals have been extensively developed because they can form coordination bonds with donor groups in the drug’s structure while also providing additional biological activity. Copper was chosen as the modifying metal because of it’s low toxicity and intrinsic antibacterial activity via the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox mechanism. LEV (Levofloksasin), a thirdgeneration fluoroquinolone, was selected as the ligand because it has a broad spectrum of activity and contains reactive carbonyl and carboxyl groups that have the potential to form diverse interactions with copper species. This study aims to synthesize and characterize two mechanistically distinct copper-LEV models namely, the binary coordination complex [Cu(LEV)2] and the Cu₂O-LEV mixture and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to pure LEV. [Cu(LEV)2] was synthesized by refluxing in methanol with a metal:ligand molar ratio of 1:2. Cu₂O was synthesized using copper sulfate as a precursor, with glucose as the reducing agent and trisodium citrate (TSC) as the capping agent, and then mixed with LEV. FTIR characterization confirmed the bidentate coordination of LEV to Cu²⁺ in [Cu(LEV)2] through the disappearance of the carboxyl v(C=O) band and the appearance of the vs(COO⁻) band, whereas in Cu₂O-LEV only a slight shift in the absorption band was observed, indicating non-covalent interactions. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of the Cu2O phase (JCPDS 005-0667) with a crystallite size of 82.40 nm based on the Scherrer equation. The disk diffusion method for antibacterial activity testing showed that against B. subtilis, both [Cu(LEV)2] (18.72 mm) and Cu₂O-LEV (18.91 mm) produced smaller inhibition zones compared to pure LEV (20.10 mm). In contrast, against P. aeruginosa, Cu₂O-LEV produced a larger inhibition zone (32.68 mm) than pure LEV (31.65 mm), while [Cu(LEV)2] continued to show a decrease. All samples continued to exhibit antibacterial activity ranging from strong to very strong, indicating that copper-based modifications of LEV have the potential to be developed as an alternative approach to addressing antibiotic resistance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	[Cu(LEV)2], Cu2O-LEV, LEV, kompleks koordinasi, aktivitas antibakteri
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD1 Oxidation-reduction reaction. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD75.2 Chemistry, Analytic
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Anastacia Jingga Martissa
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 06:34
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 06:34
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140619

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