Pengaruh Ventilasi Alami Berbasis Stack Effect Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal pada Bangunan Komersial

Mardayanti, Agustiningsyah Triamanda (2026) Pengaruh Ventilasi Alami Berbasis Stack Effect Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal pada Bangunan Komersial. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sektor bangunan merupakan salah satu penyumbang konsumsi energi terbesar akibat penggunaan sistem pendingin udara (HVAC). Salah satu strategi pasif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi adalah penerapan ventilasi alami berbasis stack effect. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi ukuran, posisi, dan jumlah bukaan ventilasi terhadap penurunan temperatur, kenyamanan termal, dan kelayakan ekonomi building energy retrofitting pada bangunan komersial TGC Coffee Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengukuran temperatur dan kelembapan, simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) menggunakan ANSYS Fluent, validasi Grid Independence Test (GIT), analisis kenyamanan termal berdasarkan ASHRAE Standard 55-2023, perhitungan Cooling Load Temperatur Difference (CLTD), serta analisis ekonomi menggunakan metode NPV, IRR, BCR, dan Payback Period. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model CFD memiliki akurasi yang baik untuk mengevaluasi performa ventilasi alami. Variasi ukuran, posisi, dan jumlah bukaan memengaruhi distribusi temperatur dan aliran udara. Bukaan inlet 70 × 70 cm dan outlet 110 × 110 cm menghasilkan penurunan temperatur terbesar pada siang hari, sedangkan pada malam hari yang paling optimal menggunakan inlet 80 × 80 cm, outlet 120 × 120 cm, dengan 3 bukaan pada siang hari dan 9 bukaan pada malam hari, serta posisi bukaan ke-6 untuk siang hari dan posisi bukaan ke-5 pada malam hari yang memiliki hasil yang optimal. Penerapan ventilasi alami mampu menurunkan temperatur, mengurangi beban pendinginan, serta meningkatkan kenyamanan termal. Dari aspek ekonomi, hasil Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) menunjukkan bahwa ketiga skenario retrofitting dinyatakan layak untuk diterapkan, dengan nilai NPV sebesar Rp86.075.290,69–Rp275.467.650,57, IRR sebesar 7,20–7,44%, BCR sebesar 1,9–5,1, dan Payback Period sebesar 0,4–1,1 tahun. Skenario kombinasi pengurangan jumlah AC yang beroperasi dan penerapan night ventilation memberikan kinerja ekonomi terbaik melalui penghematan energi sebesar 21.672 kWh/tahun dan penghematan biaya operasional sebesar Rp37.145.808,00 per tahun, sehingga menjadi alternatif retrofitting yang paling layak untuk diterapkan.
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The building sector is one of the largest contributors to global energy consumption due to the extensive use of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. One passive strategy to improve building energy efficiency is the implementation of stack effect-driven natural ventilation. This study aims to analyze the effects of variations in the size, position, and number of ventilation openings on indoor temperatur reduction, thermal comfort, and the economic feasibility of building energy retrofitting in the TGC Coffee commercial building in Surabaya. The research was conducted through field measurements of air temperatur and relative humidity, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using ANSYS Fluent, Grid Independence Test (GIT) validation, thermal comfort assessment based on ASHRAE Standard 55-2023, Cooling Load Temperatur Difference (CLTD) calculations, and an economic evaluation using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP). The results demonstrate that the CFD model provides satisfactory accuracy for evaluating the performance of natural ventilation. Variations in the size, position, and number of ventilation openings significantly affected indoor temperatur distribution and airflow patterns. During the daytime, the optimum configuration consisted of a 70 × 70 cm inlet and a 110 × 110 cm outlet, whereas the optimum nighttime configuration consisted of an 80 × 80 cm inlet and a 120 × 120 cm outlet. The optimum ventilation configuration employed three openings during the daytime and nine openings during the nighttime, with the sixth opening position providing the best performance during the daytime and the fifth opening position during the nighttime. The implementation of stack effect-driven natural ventilation successfully reduced indoor air temperatur, decreased the building cooling load, and improved thermal comfort. From an economic perspective, the Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) indicates that all three retrofitting scenarios are economically feasible, with NPV values ranging from IDR 86,075,290.69 to IDR 275,467,650.57, IRR values between 7.20% and 7.44%, BCR values ranging from 1.9 to 5.1, and Payback Periods between 0.4 and 1.1 years. The combined strategy of reducing the number of operating air conditioners and implementing 5-hour night ventilation demonstrated the best economic performance, achieving the highest annual energy savings of 21,672 kWh and operational cost savings of IDR 37,145,808.00, making it the most economically viable retrofitting alternative.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	efisiensi energi, kenyamanan termal, stack effect, ventilasi alami, energy efficiency, natural ventilation, stack effect, thermal comfort
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) > Q180 Gravitation. Q Science > QC Physics Q Science > QC Physics > QC111 Density and specific gravity Q Science > QC Physics > QC151 Fluid dynamics Q Science > QC Physics > QC320 Heat transfer T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA357 Computational fluid dynamics. Fluid Mechanics
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Agustiningsyah Triamanda Mardayanti
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 10:33
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 10:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140632

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