Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Fraksi Massa Serat Kelapa Tanpa Perlakuan Kimia Terhadap Sifat Penyusutan Biokomposit Polypropylene Berdasarkan Standar ASTM D955

Puspitasari, Dina (2026) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Fraksi Massa Serat Kelapa Tanpa Perlakuan Kimia Terhadap Sifat Penyusutan Biokomposit Polypropylene Berdasarkan Standar ASTM D955. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengembangan biokomposit berbasis serat alami menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan material polimer konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai shrinkage dan hubungan antara variasi fraksi massa serat kelapa tanpa perlakuan kimia (NaOH) terhadap sifat penyusutan biokomposit berbasis polypropylene (PP) setelah diproses menggunakan metode injection molding. Biokomposit dibuat dengan variasi fraksi massa serat kelapa sebesar 10%, 20%, dan 30%, serta penambahan Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) sebesar 5% sebagai coupling agent. Serat kelapa diproses melalui tahap pencucian, pengeringan, penghalusan, dan pengayakan, kemudian dicampurkan dengan PP melalui proses ekstrusi untuk menghasilkan pelet biokomposit. Spesimen uji shrinkage dicetak menggunakan mesin injection molding dan diuji berdasarkan standar ASTM D955 tipe D2. Pengukuran shrinkage dilakukan pada dua arah, yaitu searah aliran dan tegak lurus aliran material. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan regresi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai shrinkage searah aliran pada variasi serat 10%, 20%, dan 30% berturut-turut sebesar 1,76%, 1,68%, dan 1,43%. Sementara itu, nilai shrinkage tegak lurus aliran berturut-turut sebesar 1,99%, 1,98%, dan 1,83%. PP tanpa serat memiliki nilai shrinkage sebesar 2,05% pada searah aliran dan 2,27% pada arah tegak lurus aliran. Analisis regresi menunjukkan hubungan linear negatif yang signifikan antara fraksi massa serat dan shrinkage, dengan persamaan Y=2,0234-0,01946 X pada arah searah aliran dan Y=2,2192-0,01328 X pada arah tegak lurus aliran. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi massa serat kelapa dapat menurunkan nilai shrinkage biokomposit. Selain itu, nilai shrinkage tegak lurus aliran lebih besar dibandingkan searah aliran, sehingga menunjukkan adanya karakteristik anisotropik pada spesimen hasil injection molding.
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The development of natural fiber-based biocomposites has become an alternative approach to reducing the use of conventional polymer materials. This study aims to determine the shrinkage values and analyze the relationship between the mass fraction of untreated (NaOH) coir fiber and the shrinkage behavior of polypropylene (PP) biocomposites processed by injection molding. The biocomposites were prepared using coir fiber mass fractions of 10%, 20%, and 30%, with the addition of 5% Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent. The coir fiber was processed through washing, drying, grinding, and sieving, then mixed with PP through an extrusion process to produce biocomposite pellets. The shrinkage specimens were fabricated using an injection molding machine and tested according to ASTM D955 Type D2. Shrinkage measurements were conducted in two directions, namely the flow direction and the transverse direction. The experimental data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and linear regression. The results showed that the shrinkage values in the flow direction for biocomposites containing 10%, 20%, and 30% coir fiber were 1.76%, 1.68%, and 1.43%, respectively. Meanwhile, the shrinkage values in the transverse direction were 1.99%, 1.98%, and 1.83%, respectively. For comparison, neat polypropylene (PP) exhibited shrinkage values of 2.05% in the flow direction and 2.27% in the transverse direction. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between coir fiber mass fraction and shrinkage, described by the equations Y = 2.0234 − 0.01946 X for the flow direction and Y = 2.2192 − 0.01328 X for the transverse direction. These findings indicate that increasing the coir fiber mass fraction effectively reduces the shrinkage of PP biocomposites. Furthermore, the shrinkage in the transverse direction was consistently higher than that in the flow direction, indicating the anisotropic characteristics of the injection-molded specimens.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Polypropylene, Serat Kelapa, Shrinkage, Injection Molding, ASTM D955, Polypropylene, Coir Fiber, Shrinkage, Injection Molding, ASTM D955
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL240.5 Composite materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dina Puspitasari
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 07:55
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 07:55
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141112

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