Sintesis Katalis Ni/CaO Dari Limbah Marmer Termodifikasi Aloe Vera Untuk Produksi Hidrokarbon C8-C16 Dari Limbah Minyak Pelumas

Perdana, Laura Cahaya Dwi Agnesa (2026) Sintesis Katalis Ni/CaO Dari Limbah Marmer Termodifikasi Aloe Vera Untuk Produksi Hidrokarbon C8-C16 Dari Limbah Minyak Pelumas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi global serta keterbatasan cadangan bahan bakar fosil mendorong pengembangan teknologi produksi bahan bakar cair berkelanjutan, termasuk bahan bakar penerbangan (sustainable aviation fuel) dari sumber limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan katalis Ni/MWA (Marble Waste–Aloe vera) dari limbah marmer yang dimodifikasi menggunakan ekstrak Aloe vera dan logam Ni untuk meningkatkan produksi hidrokarbon rentang C₈–C₁₆ dari limbah minyak pelumas (Waste Lubricating Oil, WLO). Katalis disintesis melalui metode hidrotermal, impregnasi logam Ni dengan variasi kadar 5%, 10%, dan 15%, serta kalsinasi. Karakterisasi katalis dilakukan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, TGA, dan adsorpsi-desorpsi N2. Aktivitas katalitik dievaluasi melalui reaksi pirolisis-deoksigenasi WLO dengan analisis distribusi produk dan komposisi hidrokarbon menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa material penyangga berhasil membentuk fase CaO, sedangkan impregnasi logam menghasilkan fase NiO dengan struktur kubik berpusat muka. Analisis FESEM-EDX mengonfirmasi keberadaan dan distribusi logam Ni pada permukaan katalis, sedangkan analisis adsorpsi-desorpsi N₂ menunjukkan seluruh sampel memiliki karakteristik mesopori tipe IV. Impregnasi Ni menyebabkan penurunan luas permukaan dan diameter pori hingga 3,775 nm akibat fenomena pore blocking, namun tetap mempertahankan struktur mesopori yang mendukung aktivitas katalitik. Uji katalitik menunjukkan bahwa katalis 15%Ni/MWA memberikan performa terbaik dengan konversi WLO sebesar 86,53% dan yield produk cair sebesar 37,39%. Produk cair yang dihasilkan didominasi oleh hidrokarbon dengan eliminasi total asam karboksilat serta selektivitas terhadap fraksi C₈–C₁₆ mencapai 68,41%. Logam Ni berperan dalam meningkatkan aktivitas deoksigenasi, cracking, dan hidrogenasi sehingga mempercepat konversi hidrokarbon rantai panjang menjadi fraksi middle distillate. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi limbah marmer menggunakan Aloe vera dan logam Ni mampu menghasilkan katalis yang efektif untuk konversi limbah minyak pelumas menjadi hidrokarbon rentang C₈–C₁₆ serta mendukung pemanfaatan limbah melalui pendekatan yang berkelanjutan.
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The increasing global energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves have driven the development of sustainable liquid fuel production technologies, including sustainable aviation fuel derived from waste resources. This study aimed to develop a Ni/MWA (Marble Waste Aloe vera) catalyst derived from marble waste modified with Aloe vera extract and nickel (Ni) metal to enhance the production of C₈–C₁₆ hydrocarbons from Waste Lubricating Oil (WLO). The catalyst was synthesized through a hydrothermal method, followed by Ni impregnation at loadings of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and subsequent calcination. Catalyst characterization was conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis. Catalytic performance was evaluated through the pyrolysis-deoxygenation of WLO, while product distribution and hydrocarbon composition were analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).The characterization results confirmed the formation of a CaO support phase, while Ni impregnation produced a face-centered cubic NiO phase. FESEM-EDX analysis verified the presence and distribution of Ni on the catalyst surface, whereas N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis revealed that all samples exhibited type IV mesoporous characteristics. Ni impregnation led to a decrease in surface area and pore diameter to 3.775 nm due to the pore-blocking phenomenon; however, the mesoporous structure remained intact and favorable for catalytic activity. Catalytic testing demonstrated that the 15%Ni/MWA catalyst exhibited the best performance, achieving a WLO conversion of 86.53% and a liquid product yield of 37.39%. The liquid products were predominantly composed of hydrocarbons, with complete elimination of carboxylic acids and a C₈–C₁₆ hydrocarbon selectivity of 68.41%. Nickel played a significant role in promoting deoxygenation, cracking, and hydrogenation reactions, thereby facilitating the conversion of long-chain hydrocarbons into middle-distillate fractions. These findings indicate that marble waste modified with Aloe vera and Ni can produce an effective catalyst for converting waste lubricating oil into C₈–C₁₆ hydrocarbons while supporting sustainable waste valorization.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bahan Bakar Berkelanjutan, Limbah Minyak Pelumas Bekas, Lidah Buaya, Ni/CaO, Pirolisis,Aloe vera, Ni/CaO, Pyrolysis, Sustainable Fuel, Waste Lubricating Oil
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Laura Cahaya Dwi Agnesa Perdana
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 08:31
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 08:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141182

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