Ariendra, Alfitra (2026) Implementasi Sistem Kontrol Flowrate pada Self-Service Fuel Dispenser Berdasarkan Perubahan Tekanan Akibat Level Bukaan Nozzle Menggunakan Metode Proporsional-Integral (PI). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sistem pompa bahan bakar pada self-service fuel dispenser PT Epom Energi Indonesia mengalami perubahan tekanan akibat perbedaan karakteristik aliran pada setiap level bukaan nozzle. Variasi back pressure tersebut menyebabkan perubahan beban hidrolik serta meningkatkan suhu operasi pompa. Pada sistem sebelumnya, pompa beroperasi dengan kecepatan tetap sehingga tidak mampu menyesuaikan perubahan kondisi aliran selama proses pengisian bahan bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengimplementasikan metode Proportional-Integral (PI) untuk mengatur kecepatan pompa agar flowrate mengikuti nilai setpoint. Sistem menggunakan flowmeter sebagai sensor umpan balik untuk mengukur flowrate aktual dan pressure sensor untuk mengidentifikasi level bukaan nozzle sehingga sistem dapat menentukan setpoint yang sesuai. Parameter kontrol PI ditentukan menggunakan metode Ziegler-Nichols Tipe I berdasarkan kurva reaksi sistem. Hasil identifikasi plant menghasilkan nilai time delay (L) sebesar 0,102 s dan time constant (T) sebesar 0,811 s. Berdasarkan parameter tersebut diperoleh nilai awal Kp = 7,17 dan Ki = 42,03 yang selanjutnya disempurnakan melalui proses fine tuning sehingga diperoleh parameter kontrol terbaik yaitu Kp = 0,85 dan Ki = 10,8. Pengujian dilakukan pada tiga setpoint yang mewakili masing-masing level nozzle yaitu 7 L/min (Nozzle Level 1), 13 L/min (Nozzle Level 2), dan 17 L/min (Nozzle Level 3). Hasil implementasi menunjukkan bahwa pada setpoint 7 L/min diperoleh overshoot sebesar 0,86%, settling time sebesar 1,7 s, dan steady-state error sebesar 0,05 L/min. Pada setpoint 13 L/min diperoleh overshoot sebesar 0,38%, settling time sebesar 1,4 s, dan steady-state error sebesar 0,06 L/min. Sementara itu, pada setpoint 17 L/min diperoleh overshoot sebesar 0%, settling time sebesar 1,6 s, dan steady-state error sebesar 0,09 L/min. Implementasi kontrol PI juga menyesuaikan tekanan kerja pompa sesuai kebutuhan laju aliran sehingga tekanan rata-rata pompa berubah dari 28,94 PSI menjadi 0,22 PSI pada Nozzle Level 1, dari 22,97 PSI menjadi 0,64 PSI pada Nozzle Level 2, dan dari 11,64 PSI menjadi 0,75 PSI pada Nozzle Level 3. Penyesuaian tekanan tersebut diikuti oleh penurunan suhu operasi pompa. Pada Nozzle Level 1, suhu pompa yang semula mencapai 82,4°C dan telah melampaui batas aman operasi sebesar 75°C berhasil diturunkan menjadi 34,61°C. Pada Nozzle Level 2 suhu pompa menurun dari 61,1°C menjadi 40,26°C, sedangkan pada Nozzle Level 3 menurun dari 58,6°C menjadi 48,17°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kontrol PI mampu menjaga flowrate mengikuti nilai setpoint dengan karakteristik respons yang memenuhi target performa sistem, mengurangi beban hidrolik, serta menurunkan suhu operasi pompa hingga kembali berada pada rentang aman sehingga meningkatkan keandalan sistem distribusi bahan bakar.
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The fuel pump system in the self-service fuel dispenser developed by PT Epom Energi Indonesia experiences pressure variations due to differences in flow characteristics at each nozzle opening level. These back pressure variations increase the hydraulic load and raise the pump operating temperature. In the previous system, the pump operated at a constant speed and was unable to adapt to changing flow conditions during the fuel dispensing process. This study aims to implement a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to regulate the pump speed so that the flow rate follows the desired setpoint. A flowmeter is used as the feedback sensor to measure the actual flow rate, while a pressure sensor is employed to identify the nozzle opening level, enabling the system to determine the appropriate setpoint. The PI controller parameters were determined using the Ziegler-Nichols Type I tuning method based on the system reaction curve. The plant identification process yielded a time delay (L) of 0.102 s and a time constant (T) of 0.811 s. Based on these parameters, the initial controller gains were obtained as Kp = 7.17 and Ki = 42.03, which were subsequently refined through a fine-tuning process to obtain the optimal controller parameters of Kp = 0.85 and Ki = 10.8. The controller was evaluated using three flow rate setpoints representing the three nozzle opening levels, namely 7 L/min (Nozzle Level 1), 13 L/min (Nozzle Level 2), and 17 L/min (Nozzle Level 3). The implementation results showed that at the 7 L/min setpoint, the system achieved an overshoot of 0.86%, a settling time of 1.7 s, and a steady-state error of 0.05 L/min. At the 13 L/min setpoint, the system achieved an overshoot of 0.38%, a settling time of 1.4 s, and a steady-state error of −0.06 L/min. Meanwhile, at the 17 L/min setpoint, the system achieved an overshoot of 0%, a settling time of 1.6 s, and a steady-state error of 0.09 L/min. The implementation of the PI controller also adjusted the pump operating pressure according to the required flow rate, reducing the average pump pressure from 28.94 PSI to 0.22 PSI at Nozzle Level 1, from 22.97 PSI to 0.64 PSI at Nozzle Level 2, and from 11.64 PSI to 0.75 PSI at Nozzle Level 3. This pressure adjustment was accompanied by a reduction in the pump operating temperature. At Nozzle Level 1, the pump temperature initially reached 82.4°C, exceeding the safe operating limit of 75°C, and was successfully reduced to 34.61°C. At Nozzle Level 2, the pump temperature decreased from 61.1°C to 40.26°C, while at Nozzle Level 3, it decreased from 58.6°C to 48.17°C. The results demonstrate that the proposed PI controller effectively maintains the flow rate at the desired setpoint while meeting the specified system performance targets, reducing the hydraulic load, and lowering the pump operating temperature to within the safe operating range, thereby improving the reliability of the fuel distribution system.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pompa Motor DC, Ziegler-Nichols, Proporsional Integral, DC Motor Pump, Ziegler-Nichols, Proportional Integral |
| Subjects: | Q Science T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ212 Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Alfitra Ariendra |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Aug 2026 07:56 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Aug 2026 07:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141237 |
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