Optimasi Komposisi Briket Kakao-Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap, Kualitas Standar Sni, Performa Pembakaran Pada Tungku Biomassa, Dan Tekno Ekonomi

Yulianto, Munawar (2026) Optimasi Komposisi Briket Kakao-Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap, Kualitas Standar Sni, Performa Pembakaran Pada Tungku Biomassa, Dan Tekno Ekonomi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.

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Abstract

Limbah kulit buah kakao dan tempurung kelapa merupakan biomassa yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan briket untuk mendukung pengembangan energi terbarukan. Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur, memiliki luas perkebunan kakao sekitar 1.007 ha dengan produksi kakao mencapai sekitar 950 ton per tahun, yang menghasilkan potensi limbah kulit buah kakao sekitar 560–762 ton per tahun. Pemanfaatan limbah tersebut sebagai bahan baku briket dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah biomassa sekaligus mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi komposisi briket kulit buah kakao–tempurung kelapa terhadap kualitas berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), performa pembakaran pada tungku biomassa, dan aspek tekno-ekonomi. Variasi komposisi yang digunakan terdiri atas KK100, KK75TK25, KK50TK50, KK25TK75, dan TK100. Pengujian meliputi analisis proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, zat terbang, dan karbon tetap), nilai kalor, densitas, densitas energi, serta performa pembakaran yang meliputi waktu penyalaan (ignition time), laju pembakaran (burning rate), lama pembakaran (burning time), dan waktu pendidihan air (water boiling test). Analisis tekno-ekonomi dilakukan melalui perhitungan harga pokok produksi (HPP) per tahun, HPP per kilogram, biaya energi, dan Payback Period. Penentuan komposisi optimum dilakukan menggunakan metode Multi-Criteria Scoring dengan bobot potensi bahan baku (20%), kualitas SNI sebesar 30%, performa pembakaran sebesar 30%, dan tekno-ekonomi sebesar 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan proporsi tempurung kelapa mampu meningkatkan kualitas dan performa pembakaran arang briket. Sampel TK100 menghasilkan kadar air terendah sebesar 4,53%, kadar abu terendah sebesar 5,56%, karbon tetap tertinggi sebesar 71,14%, dan nilai kalor tertinggi sebesar 5.956 kcal/kg. Pada aspek performa pembakaran, TK100 menunjukkan waktu penyalaan tercepat sebesar 184,5 detik, lama pembakaran terpanjang sebesar 191 menit, laju pembakaran terendah sebesar 5,2 g/menit, dan waktu pendidihan air tercepat sebesar 4 menit. Dari aspek tekno-ekonomi, variasi KK50TK50 menghasilkan biaya energi terendah sebesar 335,250 Rp/MJ dan payback period 2,42 tahun, sedangkan variasi KK100 menghasilkan harga pokok terendah sebesar Rp. 102.900.000,-. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa TK100 memperoleh skor total tertinggi sebesar aspek kualitas SNI, dan performa pembakaran 30,00 dan 26,53 KK25TK75 memperoleh nilai tterendahi dari aspek tekno ekonomi sebesar 17,53, dan KK100 memperoleh nilai tertinggi berdasarkan aspek bahan baku sebesar 15,00.
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Cocoa pod husk and coconut shell are biomass resources with significant potential as raw materials for briquette production to support the development of renewable energy. Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, has approximately 1,007 ha of cocoa plantations with an annual cocoa production of around 950 tons, generating an estimated 560–762 tons of cocoa pod husk waste each year. The utilization of this agricultural waste as briquette feedstock can increase the added value of biomass while reducing environmental impacts. This study aimed to optimize the composition of cocoa pod husk–coconut shell briquettes based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), combustion performance in a biomass stove, and techno-economic aspects. The briquette compositions investigated were KK100, KK75TK25, KK50TK50, KK25TK75, and TK100. The experimental evaluation included proximate analysis (moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, density, energy density, and combustion performance, including ignition time, burning rate, burning time, and water boiling test. The techno-economic analysis was conducted through the evaluation of annual production cost, production cost per kilogram, energy cost, and Payback Period. The optimum composition was determined using the Multi-Criteria Scoring (MCS) method with weighting factors of 20% for raw material potential, 30% for SNI quality, 30% for combustion performance, and 20% for techno-economic aspects. The results showed that increasing the proportion of coconut shell improved the briquette quality and combustion performance. The TK100 sample produced the lowest moisture content (4.53%), the lowest ash content (5.56%), the highest fixed carbon content (71.14%), and the highest calorific value (5,956 kcal/kg). In terms of combustion performance, TK100 exhibited the shortest ignition time (184.5 s), the longest burning time (191 min), the lowest burning rate (5.2 g/min), and the shortest water boiling time (4 min). From the techno-economic perspective, the KK50TK50 composition achieved the lowest energy cost of 335.250 IDR/MJ and a Payback Period of 2.42 years, while KK100 resulted in the lowest annual production cost of IDR 102,900,000. The optimization results indicated that TK100 obtained the highest scores for SNI quality (30.00) and combustion performance (26.53), KK25TK75 achieved the highest score in the techno-economic aspect (17.53), and KK100 obtained the highest score in terms of raw material potential (15.00).

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Briket biomassa, kulit buah kakao, tempurung kelapa, kualitas SNI, performa pembakaran, tekno-ekonomi, Multi-Criteria Scoring.Biomass briquettes, cocoa pod husk, coconut shell, SNI quality, combustion performance, techno-economic analysis, Multi-Criteria Scoring.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Munawar Yulianto
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 04:16
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 04:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141370

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