Pengembangan Sistem Robot Pembelajaran untuk Disabilitas Intelektual Berdasarkan Studi Karakteristik Subjek dan Fokus Belajar Siswa

Istikhomah, Istikhomah (2026) Pengembangan Sistem Robot Pembelajaran untuk Disabilitas Intelektual Berdasarkan Studi Karakteristik Subjek dan Fokus Belajar Siswa. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pendidikan anak dengan disabilitas intelektual memiliki tantangan besar karena karakteristik belajar siswa yang beragam, seperti keterbatasan perhatian, kemampuan kognitif, dan pemahaman instruksi. Metode pembelajaran konvensional di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) dinilai kurang optimal karena minimnya stimulasi visual dan audio yang menarik, sehingga siswa mudah kehilangan fokus dan motivasi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dirancang robot pembelajaran yang mampu menganalisis interaksi subjek dengan robot, namun belum terdapat deteksi fokus menggunakan kamera serta penyajian pembelajaran adaptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem robot pembelajaran berbasis Raspberry Pi dengan materi yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan siswa, serta menganalisis tingkat pemahaman dan fokus siswa menggunakan kamera. Sistem menggunakan kamera untuk mendeteksi kode QR pada kartu materi dan memantau arah pandangan siswa sebagai indikator fokus. Sebelum pembelajaran, dilakukan observasi awal untuk menentukan level materi menggunakan pendekatan Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL). Robot menyajikan tiga tingkat materi secara audio-visual. Sistem juga mencatat durasi interaksi, pengulangan, akurasi jawaban, dan durasi fokus ke dalam database SQLite, yang diolah menggunakan logika fuzzy untuk menghasilkan nilai pemahaman dan fokus, serta nilai efektivitas pembelajaran antar sesi. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 10 subjek siswa dengan disabilitas intelektual ringan hingga sedang berusia 10–14 tahun dalam dua sesi pembelajaran. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh subjek berhasil mencapai kategori "Sudah Paham" pada sesi kedua, termasuk dua subjek yang pada sesi pertama berada di kategori "Cukup Paham" dan mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan penyesuaian level materi. Dari sisi efektivitas, tujuh subjek berada pada kategori "Cukup Efektif", satu subjek mencapai "Sudah Efektif", dan dua subjek berada pada kategori "Kurang Efektif" akibat penalti penurunan level. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem robot pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran yang adaptif bagi siswa dengan disabilitas intelektual, sekaligus menyediakan data interaksi yang dapat digunakan guru sebagai dasar perancangan strategi pembelajaran yang lebih efektif. Pengembangan selanjutnya dapat ditambahkan fitur live-feed wajah, integrasi IoT, penyesuaian level otomatis, serta perluasan jumlah subjek dan materi.
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Educating children with intellectual disabilities presents significant challenges due to the diverse learning characteristics of students, such as limited attention spans, cognitive abilities, and comprehension of instructions. Conventional teaching methods in Special Education Schools (SLB) are considered suboptimal due to a lack of engaging visual and auditory stimulation, causing students to easily lose focus and motivation. Previous research has designed learning robots capable of analyzing subject-robot interactions, but there has been no focus detection using cameras or adaptive learning. This study aims to develop a Raspberry Pi-based learning robot system with content tailored to students’ abilities, as well as to analyze students’ comprehension levels and focus using a camera. The system uses a camera to detect QR codes on content cards and monitors the direction of the student’s gaze as an indicator of focus. Prior to instruction, an initial observation is conducted to determine the material level using the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach. The robot presents three levels of material in an audio-visual format. The system also records interaction duration, repetitions, answer accuracy, and focus duration into an SQLite database, which is processed using fuzzy logic to generate comprehension and focus scores, as well as learning effectiveness scores between sessions. Testing was conducted on 10 subjects with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities aged 10–14 years across two learning sessions. Results showed that all subjects reached the "Already Understood" category in the second session, including two subjects who were in the "Sufficiently Understood" category in the first session and improved after level adjustments. In terms of effectiveness, seven subjects were categorized as "Sufficiently Effective", one subject achieved "Already Effective", and two subjects were categorized as "Less Effective" due to level downgrade penalties. These results indicate that the developed learning robot system can serve as an adaptive learning medium for students with intellectual disabilities, while providing interaction data that teachers can use as a basis for designing more effective learning strategies. Further developments could include adding live-feed facial features, IoT integration, automatic level adjustment, and expanding the number of subjects and materials.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Robot pembelajaran, disabilitas intelektual, pembelajaran adaptif, deteksi fokus, logika fuzzy, Learning robot, intellectual disability, adaptive learning, focus detection, fuzzy logic.
Subjects:	R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology > RM950 Rehabilitation technology.
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Biomedical Engineering > 11410-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Istikhomah Istikhomah
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 06:33
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 06:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141373

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