Pengaruh Kondisi Operasi Separator Terhadap Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Pyro-oil Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Plastik High-density Polyethylene Dan Polypropylene

Rivandra, Dannish Latifa Putri (2026) Pengaruh Kondisi Operasi Separator Terhadap Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Pyro-oil Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Plastik High-density Polyethylene Dan Polypropylene. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pirolisis merupakan salah satu teknologi waste-to-fuel yang berpotensi mengonversi limbah plastik menjadi bahan bakar cair alternatif berupa pyro-oil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi performa destilator pirolisis TPST 3R dalam mengolah limbah plastik High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) dan Polypropylene (PP), serta menganalisis pengaruh variasi temperatur dan tekanan separator terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas pyro-oil. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan eksperimen dan simulasi menggunakan Aspen Plus. Karakterisasi pyro-oil dilakukan menggunakan Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), kemudian digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan dan validasi model simulasi. Variasi kondisi operasi diterapkan pada separator fraksi berat, menengah, dan ringan dengan rentang temperatur 115–250 °C, 35–170 °C, dan 15–90 °C serta rentang tekanan 3–5.5 bar pada heavy separator dan 2.75–4.5 bar pada middle dan light separator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pyro-oil HDPE dan PP didominasi hidrokarbon rentang C5–C20 dengan komponen utama berupa alkana dan alkena. Destilator menghasilkan pyro-oil sebanyak 4.965,6 mL dari HDPE dengan yield 81.76 wt.% dan 5.073,1 mL dari PP dengan yield 83.50 wt.%. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa temperatur separator memberikan pengaruh yang lebih dominan dibandingkan tekanan terhadap distribusi dan karakteristik produk. Temperatur yang lebih rendah dan tekanan yang lebih tinggi meningkatkan recovery pyro-oil, namun menunjukkan adanya trade-off antara kuantitas dan kualitas produk. Kondisi operasi optimum diperoleh pada Variasi 28 dengan temperatur heavy, middle, dan light separator masing-masing 115 °C, 35 °C, dan 15 °C serta tekanan 5.5 bar, 4.5 bar, dan 4.5 bar. Kondisi tersebut menghasilkan recovery pyro-oil tertinggi, pembentukan produk non-cair terendah, serta karakteristik produk yang memenuhi standar pada parameter mass density middle fraction, cetane index heavy fraction, dan Reid Vapor Pressure light fraction. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimasi kondisi operasi separator berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi recovery pyro-oil sekaligus mendekatkan karakteristik produk terhadap spesifikasi bahan bakar komersial sehingga berkontribusi terhadap implementasi SDGs 12 dan SDGs 7 melalui pemanfaatan limbah plastik sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang lebih berkelanjutan.
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Pyrolysis is a promising waste-to-fuel technology for converting plastic waste into an alternative liquid fuel known as pyro-oil. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the TPST 3R pyrolysis distillator in processing High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) plastic waste and to investigate the effects of separator temperature and pressure on the quantity and quality of the resulting pyro-oil. The research was conducted through experimental work and process simulation using Aspen Plus. Pyro-oil was characterized using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the results were used to develop and validate the simulation model. Operating conditions were varied at the heavy, middle, and light fraction separators over temperature ranges of 115–250 °C, 35–170 °C, and 15–90 °C, respectively, with pressure ranges of 3–5.5 bar for the heavy separator and 2.75–4.5 bar for the middle and light separators. The results showed that both HDPE and PP pyro-oil were predominantly composed of C5–C20 hydrocarbons, with alkanes and alkenes as the major constituents. The distillator produced 4,965.6 mL of pyro-oil from HDPE with a yield of 81.76 wt.% and 5,073.1 mL from PP with a yield of 83.50 wt.%. Simulation results indicated that separator temperature had a more significant influence than pressure on product distribution and characteristics. Lower separator temperatures combined with higher operating pressures increased pyro-oil recovery but revealed a trade-off between product quantity and quality. The optimum operating condition was obtained at Variation 28, corresponding to heavy, middle, and light separator temperatures of 115 °C, 35 °C, and 15 °C, with operating pressures of 5.5 bar, 4.5 bar, and 4.5 bar, respectively. This condition achieved the highest pyro-oil recovery, the lowest non-condensable product formation, and product characteristics that satisfied the reference standards for middle fraction mass density, heavy fraction cetane index, and light fraction Reid Vapor Pressure. These findings demonstrate that optimizing separator operating conditions can improve pyro-oil recovery efficiency while producing fuel properties closer to commercial fuel specifications, thereby supporting the implementation of SDG 12 and SDG 7 through the sustainable utilization of plastic waste as an alternative energy resource.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	High-density Polyethylene, Pirolisis Plastik, Polypropylene, SDGs 12, Temperatur, High-density Polyethylene, Plastic Pyrolisis, Polypropylene, SDGs 12, Temperature
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC111 Density and specific gravity Q Science > QC Physics > QC271 Temperature measurements Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63.S4 Separation (Technology)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dannish Latifa Putri Rivandra
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 06:34
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 06:48
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141613

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