Potensi Limbah Ikan Patin Siam (Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus) Sebagai Sumber Asam Lemak Dan Kapasitas Antioksidan

Nadivaillah, Marshanda (2026) Potensi Limbah Ikan Patin Siam (Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus) Sebagai Sumber Asam Lemak Dan Kapasitas Antioksidan. Other thesis, Institut Teknbologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri pengolahan filet ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) menghasilkan limbah padat yang melimpah, terutama berupa belly flap (lemak perut) dan viscera (jeroan), yang selama ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Padahal, bagian-bagian tersebut diketahui kaya akan lipid dan berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku bernilai tambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi asam lemak serta menentukan kapasitas antioksidan limbah belly flap dan viscera ikan patin siam (P. hypophthalmus). Sampel limbah diperoleh dari tiga lokasi pasar di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, yaitu Pasar Larangan, Pasar Jetis, dan Pasar Lingkar Timur. Ekstraksi lipid dilakukan menggunakan metode Bligh and Dyer dengan sistem pelarut kloroform:metanol (2:2:1, v/v/v). Analisis komposisi asam lemak dilakukan menggunakan Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) setelah sampel dikonversi menjadi Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME). Uji kapasitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal ABTS dan DPPH dengan kontrol positif α-tokoferol (Vitamin E), kemudian diukur menggunakan microplate reader UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 734 nm untuk ABTS dan 517 nm untuk DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar lipid limbah ikan patin siam antara lain pada sampel pasar Larangan (53,40%), pasar Jetis (36,31%) dan pasar Lingkar Timur (46,88%). komposisi asam lemak menunjukkan dominasi asam lemak tak jenuh sebesar 64,28%, yang terdiri atas asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal (Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, MUFA) sebesar 43,41% dan asam lemak tak jenuh majemuk (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, PUFA) sebesar 20,86%, sedangkan kandungan asam lemak jenuh (Saturated Fatty Acids, SFA) sebesar 35,10%. Komponen utama masing-masing golongan asam lemak meliputi asam oleat (39,43%) sebagai MUFA, asam palmitat (24,37%) sebagai SFA, dan asam linoleat (17,83%) sebagai PUFA. Uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode ABTS menghasilkan nilai IC₅₀ berkisar antara 20,56–27,07 μg/mL, sedangkan metode DPPH menghasilkan nilai IC50berkisar antara 27,93–40,61 μg/mL. Sampel Pasar Larangan menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada kedua metode, yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai IC50 terendah. seluruh nilai IC50 tersebut termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat karena berada pada kisaran <50 μg/mL, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak lipid limbah ikan patin siam memiliki potensi yang tinggi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Dengan demikian, limbah belly flap dan viscera ikan patin siam (P. hypophthalmus) memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber asam lemak esensial dan antioksidan alami sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah ekonomi limbah pengolahan ikan serta mendukung pengembangan industri perikanan yang berkelanjutan berbasis ekonomi sirkular
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The Siamese catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fillet processing industry generates a substantial amount of solid waste, primarily consisting of belly flap (abdominal fat) and viscera, which have not been optimally utilized. These by-products are known to be rich in lipids and various bioactive compounds, making them promising raw materials for value-added applications. This study aimed to analyze the fatty acid composition and determine the antioxidant capacity of belly flap and viscera waste from Siamese catfish (P. hypophthalmus). Waste samples were collected from three traditional markets in Sidoarjo Regency, namely Larangan Market, Jetis Market, and Lingkar Timur Market. Lipid extraction was performed using the Bligh and Dyer method with a chloroform solvent system (2:2:1, v/v/v). Fatty acid profiles were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) after converting the extracted lipids into Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME). Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays with α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) as the positive control. Absorbance was measured using a UV–Vis microplate reader at wavelengths of 734 nm for the ABTS assay and 517 nm for the DPPH assay. The results showed that the lipid contents of Siamese catfish waste were 53.40%, 36.31%, and 46.88% for samples obtained from Larangan Market, Jetis Market, and Lingkar Timur Market, respectively. The fatty acid profile was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (64.28%), consisting of 43.41% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 20.86% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while saturated fatty acids (SFA) accounted for 35.10%. The major fatty acids identified were oleic acid (39.43%) as the predominant MUFA, palmitic acid (24.37%) as the major SFA, and linoleic acid (17.83%) as the principal PUFA. The ABTS assay yielded IC₅₀ values ranging from 20.56 to 27.07 μg/mL, whereas the DPPH assay produced IC₅₀ values ranging from 27.93 to 40.61 μg/mL. The Larangan Market sample exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in both assays, as indicated by the lowest IC₅₀ values. These findings demonstrate that belly flap and viscera waste from Siamese catfish (P. hypophthalmus) have considerable potential as sources of essential fatty acids and natural antioxidants, thereby enhancing the economic value of fish processing by-products and supporting the development of a sustainable fisheries industry based on the principles of a circular economy.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Belly flap, viscera, asam lemak, antioksidan, ABTS, DPPH, GC-FID, ikan patin siam, limbah perikanan, fatty acids, antioxidants, Siamese catfish, fisheries waste.
Subjects:	Q Science > QL Zoology > QL639.1 Fishes--Growth.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Marshanda Nadivaillah
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 01:54
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 01:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141761

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