Pengaruh Variasi Substitusi Fly Ash Terhadap Perilaku Mekanis Beton HVFA

Januari, Fiza Eka Salsabilah (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Substitusi Fly Ash Terhadap Perilaku Mekanis Beton HVFA. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri semen berkontribusi terhadap emisi karbon dioksida sehingga diperlukan pengembangan beton dengan konsumsi semen Portland yang lebih rendah. Beton High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) menggunakan fly ash sebagai substitusi sebagian semen dan berpotensi mendukung konstruksi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh substitusi fly ash sebesar 40%, 50%, dan 60% terhadap kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas, hubungan tegangan-regangan, kuat tarik belah, energi fraktur, dan pola retak beton pada umur 28 hari. Beton Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) digunakan sebagai campuran kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan benda uji silinder dan notched beam. Pengujian meliputi kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas, hubungan tegangan-regangan aksial, dan kuat tarik belah. Energi fraktur dievaluasi melalui pengujian lentur tiga titik berdasarkan JCI-S-001-2003 menggunakan kurva load-CMOD yang memenuhi kriteria validitas. Pola retak dianalisis menggunakan Digital Image Correlation dan Paraview. Kurva tegangan-regangan hasil eksperimen juga dibandingkan dengan model konstitutif Attard dan Setunge. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi fly ash memberikan pengaruh nonlinier terhadap perilaku mekanis beton. Kuat tekan beton OPC, HVFA 40, HVFA 50, dan HVFA 60 masing-masing sebesar 56,87 MPa, 66,04 MPa, 56,87 MPa, dan 35,96 MPa. HVFA 40 menghasilkan modulus elastisitas tertinggi sebesar 43.599 MPa. Kuat tarik belah masing-masing variasi sebesar 4,16 MPa, 4,72 MPa, 4,33 MPa, dan 3,35 MPa. Model Attard dan Setunge mampu menggambarkan respons prapuncak, tetapi masih memerlukan penyesuaian pada bagian pascapuncak. Evaluasi energi fraktur hanya dilakukan pada beton OPC dan HVFA 50 karena data HVFA 40 dan HVFA 60 tidak memenuhi validitas kurva load-CMOD. Energi fraktur OPC dan HVFA 50 masing-masing sebesar 449,743 N/m dan 449,315 N/m, sehingga substitusi fly ash sebesar 50% mampu mempertahankan ketahanan fraktur yang setara dengan beton OPC. Secara keseluruhan, HVFA 40 memberikan kinerja mekanis terbaik, sedangkan HVFA 50 mampu mengurangi penggunaan semen tanpa menurunkan kapasitas penyerapan energi fraktur secara berarti.
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The cement industry contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions, creating a need to develop concrete with lower Portland cement consumption. High-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete uses fly ash as a partial replacement for cement and has the potential to support sustainable construction. This study investigated the effects of 40%, 50%, and 60% fly ash substitution on the compressive strength, elastic modulus, stress-strain relationship, splitting tensile strength, fracture energy, and crack patterns of concrete at 28 days. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete was used as the control mixture. The study employed an experimental method using cylindrical specimens and notched beam specimens. The tests included compressive strength, elastic modulus, axial stress-strain behaviour, and splitting tensile strength. Fracture energy was evaluated through three-point bending tests conducted in accordance with JCI-S-001-2003, using load-CMOD curves that satisfied the validity criteria. Crack patterns were analysed using Digital Image Correlation and ParaView. The experimental stress-strain curves were also compared with the constitutive model proposed by Attard and Setunge. The results showed that fly ash substitution had a nonlinear effect on the mechanical behaviour of concrete. The compressive strengths of OPC, HVFA 40, HVFA 50, and HVFA 60 were 56.87 MPa, 66.04 MPa, 56.87 MPa, and 35.96 MPa, respectively. HVFA 40 produced the highest elastic modulus of 43,599 MPa. The corresponding splitting tensile strengths were 4.16 MPa, 4.72 MPa, 4.33 MPa, and 3.35 MPa. The Attard and Setunge model adequately represented the pre-peak response but required further adjustment to describe the post-peak region. Fracture energy was evaluated only for OPC and HVFA 50 because the HVFA 40 and HVFA 60 data did not satisfy the load-CMOD validity criteria. The fracture energy values of OPC and HVFA 50 were 449.743 N/m and 449.315 N/m, respectively, indicating that 50% fly ash substitution maintained fracture resistance comparable to that of OPC concrete. Overall, HVFA 40 demonstrated the best mechanical performance, while HVFA 50 reduced cement consumption without substantially decreasing the capacity of concrete to absorb fracture energy.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Energi Fraktur, High Volume Fly Ash, Kuat Tarik Belah, Kuat Tekan, Modulus Elastisitas, Fracture Energy, High Volume Fly Ash, Splitting Tensile Strength, Compressive Strength, Elastic Modulus
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA433 Strength of materials.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Fiza Eka Salsabilah Januari
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 02:07
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 02:07
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141881

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