Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Bioaditif pada Biodiesel B100 terhadap Performa dan Emisi Gas Buang Mesin Diesel

Rahman, Anka Kautsar (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Bioaditif pada Biodiesel B100 terhadap Performa dan Emisi Gas Buang Mesin Diesel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap bahan bakar fosil, khususnya solar untuk mesin diesel, terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan penduduk dan industrialisasi, sementara emisi gas buangnya berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan. Biodiesel B100 berbasis kelapa sawit menjadi salah satu alternatif energi terbarukan, namun terdapat permasalahan pada penggunaan biodiesel B100 yakni viskositasnya yang tinggi dapat memengaruhi kualitas atomisasi bahan bakar di ruang bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik campuran bahan bakar biodiesel B100 dengan penambahan bioaditif minyak atsiri, serta pengaruhnya terhadap performa dan emisi gas buang mesin diesel pada berbagai variasi putaran mesin. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan mesin diesel satu silinder Yanmar TF 85-MH dengan bioaditif berupa minyak cengkeh, minyak terpentin, dan minyak sereh wangi, masing masing dicampurkan sebesar 2% ke dalam biodiesel B100, sehingga diperoleh empat variasi bahan bakar: B100, B98C2, B98T2, dan B98S2. Pengujian karakteristik bahan bakar meliputi massa jenis, viskositas kinematik, dan nilai kalor. Pengujian performa dilakukan pada variasi putaran mesin 1400–2200 rpm dengan parameter FOC, SFOC, torsi, dan daya, sedangkan pengujian emisi meliputi CO₂, NOx, dan smoke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bioaditif menurunkan massa jenis dan viskositas, serta meningkatkan nilai kalor bahan bakar dibandingkan B100 murni dengan massa jenis awal (902 kg/m3), viskositas awal (12,19 mm2) dan nilai kalor (38597,4 kJ/kg). Dengan variasi B98T2 memiliki nilai kalor tertinggi (40.016,36 kJ/kg) dan B98S2 memiliki karakteristik paling mendekati B100 murni dengan nilai massa jenis (899,3 kg/m3), viskositas (11,1 mm2/s) dan nilai kalor (38606.27 kJ/kg) .Dari sisi performa, B98S2 menghasilkan performa terbaik dengan SFOC rata-rata terendah (0,293 kg/kWh), torsi tertinggi (21,083 Nm), dan daya tertinggi (4,026 kW) namun konsumsi bahan bakar tertinggi (21,909 ml/min). Pada pengujian emisi, B100 murni menghasilkan rata rata emisi terendah untuk CO₂ (2,03%), NOx (309,20 ppm), dan smoke (4,36%), sedangkan B98C2 menghasilkan emisi tertinggi pada ketiga parameter tersebut yakni CO2 (3,64%), NOx (576,80 ppm), dan smoke (6,24%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan bioaditif minyak sereh wangi sebesar 2% memberikan peningkatan performa mesin diesel terbaik, sementara biodiesel B100 murni tetap menjadi pilihan terbaik dari sisi kualitas emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan.
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Indonesia's dependence on fossil fuels, especially diesel for diesel engines, continues to increase along with population growth and industrialization, while its exhaust emissions have a negative impact on the environment and health. Palm oil-based B100 biodiesel is one of the renewable energy alternatives, but there are problems with the use of B100 biodiesel, namely its high viscosity can affect the quality of fuel atomization in the combustion chamber. This study aims to determine the characteristics of B100 biodiesel fuel mixtures with the addition of essential oil bioadditives, and their effects on the performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engines at various engine speed variations. The study was conducted experimentally using a Yanmar TF 85-MH single-cylinder diesel engine with bioadditives in the form of clove oil, turpentine oil, and citronella oil, each mixed at 2% into B100 biodiesel, resulting in four fuel variations: B100, B98C2, B98T2, and B98S2. Fuel characteristic testing includes density, kinematic viscosity, and calorific value. Performance testing was conducted at engine speed variations of 1400–2200 rpm with FOC, SFOC, torque, and power parameters, while emission testing included CO₂, NOx, and smoke. The results showed that the addition of bioadditives reduced density and viscosity, and increased the calorific value of the fuel compared to pure B100 with initial density (902 kg/m3), initial viscosity (12.19 mm2) and calorific value (38597.4 kJ/kg). With the B98T2 variation having the highest calorific value (40,016.36 kJ/kg) and B98S2 having the characteristics closest to pure B100 with density values (899.3 kg/m3), viscosity (11.1 mm2/s) and calorific value (38606.27 kJ/kg). In terms of performance, B98S2 produces the best performance with the lowest average SFOC (0.293 kg/kWh), the highest torque (21,083 Nm), and the highest power (4,026 kW) but the highest fuel consumption (21,909 ml/min). In emissions testing, pure B100 produced the lowest average emissions for CO₂ (2.03%), NOx (309.20 ppm), and smoke (4.36%), while B98C2 produced the highest emissions for all three parameters: CO₂ (3.64%), NOx (576.80 ppm), and smoke (6.24%). It can be concluded that the addition of 2% citronella oil bioadditive provides the best diesel engine performance improvement, while pure B100 biodiesel remains the best choice in terms of exhaust emission quality.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel B100, minyak atsiri, performa mesin diesel, emisi gas buang. Biodiesel B100, essential oil, diesel engine performance, exhaust emissions.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP315 Fuel T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Anka Kautsar Rahman
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 04:27
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 04:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142318

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