Wasesa, Muhammad Bintang (2026) Analisis Crashworthiness Side Wall Battery Pack Kendaraan Listrik Dengan Variasi Single Crash Cell dan Multicell Menggunakan Simulasi Explicit Dynamic. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Perkembangan kendaraan listrik menuntut sistem *battery pack* yang tidak hanya mampu menyimpan energi, tetapi juga memiliki perlindungan mekanik yang baik terhadap benturan samping, mengingat ruang deformasi pada sisi *battery pack* yang terbatas menjadikan risiko *intrusion* ke ruang baterai sebagai permasalahan utama. Penelitian terdahulu telah menunjukkan potensi struktur *multicell* dan variasi geometri internal dalam meningkatkan performa *crashworthiness*, namun kajian yang secara bertahap menyeleksi geometri *single crash cell* terbaik dan kemudian mengembangkannya menjadi variasi jumlah baris *multicell* pada *side wall battery pack* masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi geometri *single crash cell* (Diagonal, Plus, dan Grid) serta variasi jumlah baris struktur *multicell* (2, 3, dan 4 baris) terhadap performa *crashworthiness* struktur *side wall battery pack* kendaraan listrik akibat benturan samping. Simulasi numerik dilakukan menggunakan metode *Finite Element* berbasis *Explicit Dynamic Analysis* pada ANSYS Workbench, dengan skenario pembebanan mengacu pada FMVSS No. 214 *side pole impact*, sedangkan pemodelan geometri disusun menggunakan SolidWorks. Parameter *crashworthiness* yang dievaluasi meliputi *intrusion*, *Initial Peak Force* (IPF), *Specific Energy Absorption* (SEA), dan *Equivalent Von Mises Stress*, yang kemudian dinormalisasi dan dibobotkan untuk menentukan konfigurasi terbaik pada setiap tahap. Hasil tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa geometri Grid memperoleh skor pembobotan tertinggi sebesar 0,959 (dibandingkan Plus sebesar 0,444 dan Diagonal sebesar 0,381), dengan *intrusion* terkecil sebesar 9,68 mm dan SEA tertinggi sebesar 131,51 J/kg, sehingga dipilih sebagai dasar pengembangan struktur *multicell*. Pada tahap kedua, seluruh konfigurasi *multicell* menghasilkan nilai *intrusion* di bawah batas aman 10 mm, dan konfigurasi 3 baris memperoleh skor pembobotan tertinggi sebesar 1,000 (dibandingkan 2 baris sebesar 0,788 dan 4 baris sebesar 0,689), dengan SEA tertinggi sebesar 61,08 J/kg, IPF terendah sebesar 95,76 kN, serta *Equivalent Von Mises Stress* terendah sebesar 292,37 MPa. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan jumlah baris tidak selalu meningkatkan performa *crashworthiness*, karena peningkatan massa struktur perlu diimbangi dengan mekanisme deformasi yang efektif agar efisiensi penyerapan energi tetap tinggi. Konfigurasi *multicell* 3 baris berbasis geometri Grid disimpulkan sebagai desain paling optimal untuk struktur pelindung samping *battery pack* kendaraan listrik karena memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara kemampuan menyerap energi benturan, mereduksi gaya tumbukan awal, dan mendistribusikan tegangan tanpa penambahan material yang berlebihan.
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The development of electric vehicles requires a battery pack system that is not only capable of storing energy but also provides adequate mechanical protection against side impacts, as the limited deformation space on the side of the battery pack makes intrusion into the battery compartment a major concern. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of multicell structures and internal geometry variations in improving crashworthiness performance. However, studies that systematically identify the optimal single crash cell geometry and subsequently develop it into multicell configurations with varying numbers of rows for the battery pack side wall remain limited. This study aims to analyze the effects of single crash cell geometry variations (Diagonal, Plus, and Grid) and the number of multicell rows (2, 3, and 4 rows) on the crashworthiness performance of an electric vehicle battery pack side wall under side-impact loading. Numerical simulations were performed using the Finite Element Method based on Explicit Dynamic Analysis in ANSYS Workbench, with the loading scenario referring to FMVSS No. 214 side pole impact, while the geometric models were developed using SolidWorks. The evaluated crashworthiness parameters included intrusion, Initial Peak Force (IPF), Specific Energy Absorption (SEA), and Equivalent Von Mises Stress, which were subsequently normalized and weighted to determine the optimal configuration at each stage. The first-stage results showed that the Grid geometry achieved the highest weighted score of 0.959 (compared with 0.444 for Plus and 0.381 for Diagonal), with the smallest intrusion of 9.68 mm and the highest SEA of 131.51 J/kg, making it the selected basis for multicell structure development. In the second stage, all multicell configurations produced intrusion values below the 10 mm safety limit, while the 3-row configuration achieved the highest weighted score of 1.000 (compared with 0.788 for 2 rows and 0.689 for 4 rows), with the highest SEA of 61.08 J/kg, the lowest IPF of 95.76 kN, and the lowest Equivalent Von Mises Stress of 292.37 MPa. These findings indicate that increasing the number of rows does not necessarily improve crashworthiness performance, as the increase in structural mass must be balanced by an effective deformation mechanism to maintain high energy absorption efficiency. The 3-row multicell configuration based on the Grid geometry was therefore identified as the optimal design for the side protective structure of an electric vehicle battery pack because it provides the best balance between impact energy absorption, initial impact force reduction, and stress distribution without excessive material addition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Battery Pack, Crashworthiness, Struktur Multicell, Benturan Samping, Explicit Dynamic Battery Pack, Crashworthiness, Multicell Structure, Side Impact, Explicit Dynamic |
| Subjects: | Q Science T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ230 Machine design |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Bintang Wasesa |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Aug 2026 08:45 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Aug 2026 08:45 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142387 |
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