Simulasi Termal Reaktif Konversi Biomassa Dalam Batch Decentralized Pyrolyzer Untuk Produksi Biochar Rendah Kebutuhan Energi

Faladhan, Rifqi (2026) Simulasi Termal Reaktif Konversi Biomassa Dalam Batch Decentralized Pyrolyzer Untuk Produksi Biochar Rendah Kebutuhan Energi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Teknologi pirolisis sederhana seperti retort kiln sangat relevan untuk menekan biaya produksi biochar di Indonesia, tetapi adopsinya terhambat oleh kebutuhan energi termalnya yang tinggi. Sebab itu, pemanfaatan produk samping pirolisis (syngas dan bio-oil) sebagai bahan bakar substitusi menjadi strategi untuk menekan konsumsi energi eksternal pada sistem reaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena dekomposisi biomassa, performa pipa pemanasan, serta potensi penghematan energi dalam aplikasi reaktor retort kiln untuk pirolisis Gliricidia sepium (kayu gamal). Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) terintegrasi kinetika pirolisis berbasis persamaan Navier-Stokes, Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF), serta hukum konservasi massa dan energi untuk mendeskripsikan fenomena termofisika di dalam reaktor. Hasil simulasi memiliki kesesuaian baik terhadap data eksperimen pada rendemen biochar (16,8% simulasi vs. 16,4% eksperimen). Karakteristik pelepasan uap volatil teramati mencapai laju puncak sebesar 0,0458 kg/s pada suhu 300°C. Pada sistem pemanasan, kondisi operasional paling optimal dicapai pada rasio kecepatan inlet udara/bahan bakar 1:8 dengan capaian suhu dinding 452,83°C. Peningkatan rasio L/D pipa hingga 1,5 kali efektif meningkatkan penyerapan panas dari ruang pemanasan menuju ruang reaksi sebesar 28,6%. Pemanfaatan syngas pada suhu pirolisis 450°C memiliki potensial sebagai sumber energi alternatif utama yang mampu menghemat konsumsi LPG hingga 44,9% (24,92 MJ).
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Simple pyrolysis technologies such as retort kilns are highly relevant to reducing biochar production costs in Indonesia; however, their adoption is constrained by high thermal energy requirements. Therefore, utilizing pyrolysis by-products (syngas and bio-oil) as substitute fuels serves as a key strategy to reduce external energy consumption in the reactor system. This study aims to analyze biomass decomposition phenomena, heating pipe performance, and energy saving potential in a retort kiln reactor applied to the pyrolysis of Gliricidia sepium (gamal wood). The modeling was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations integrated with pyrolysis kinetics based on the Navier-Stokes equations, Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF), and mass and energy conservation laws to describe thermophysical phenomena inside the reactor. The simulation results demonstrated good agreement with experimental data regarding biochar yield (16.8% simulation vs. 16.4% experiment). The volatile vapor release reached a peak rate of 0.0458 kg/s at a temperature of 300°C. For the heating system, the optimal operating condition was achieved at an air-to-fuel inlet velocity ratio of 1:8, resulting in a pipe wall temperature of 452.83°C. Increasing the pipe L/D ratio up to 1.5 times effectively enhanced heat absorption from the heating chamber into the reaction chamber by 28.6%. Utilizing syngas at a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C shows strong potential as a primary alternative energy source, capable of reducing LPG consumption by up to 44.9% (24.92 MJ).

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioarang, CFD, pirolisis lambat, resirkulasi gas-produk, Biochar, CFD, slow pyrolysis, product-gas recycle
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.B55 Bioreactors--Fluid dynamics.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Rifqi Faladhan
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 00:56
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 01:04
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142485

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