Rachmadina, Alya and Putra, Rendi Nugraha Eka (2026) Optimasi Sintesa Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Dan Sodium Lignosulfonate Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Demulsifier Hijau Untuk Peningkatan Oil Extraction Rate (OER). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kehilangan minyak selama proses klarifikasi minyak sawit dapat terjadi akibat terbentuknya sistem minyak–air–sludge yang stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan dan mengarakterisasi sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) dan sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), mengevaluasi pengaruh NaOH, monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), dan NaHSO₃ terhadap mutu material, serta menentukan kombinasi terbaik berdasarkan oil extraction rate (OER) dan kualitas minyak. Na-CMC disintesis melalui proses alkalisasi–karboksimetilasi dan dioptimasi menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM), sedangkan SLS dihasilkan melalui isolasi lignin–sulfonasi. Karakterisasi meliputi FTIR, purity, pH, moisture content, derajat substitusi dengan titrasi balik, dan derajat sulfonasi dengan titrasi konduktometri. Kinerja dievaluasi menggunakan OER, sedangkan kualitas minyak dinilai melalui analisis free fatty acid (FFA), moisture content, dan dirt content. Kondisi optimum Na-CMC diperoleh pada NaOH 41,0% dan MCAA 8,10 g, dengan purity sebesar 83,4433 ± 0,2650% dan derajat substitusi sebesar 0,7639 ± 0,0061. Derajat sulfonasi SLS tertinggi diperoleh pada NaHSO₃ 0,4 M. Kombinasi Na-CMC–SLS hasil sintesis menghasilkan nilai OER sebesar 85,58–93,82%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan sistem tanpa demulsifier dan kombinasi komersial. Kombinasi Na-CMC optimum dan SLS 0,2 M menghasilkan OER validasi sebesar 93,0433 ± 0,2701%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kinerja demulsifikasi ditentukan oleh keseimbangan karakteristik kimia dan interaksi fungsional antara Na-CMC dan SLS, bukan oleh nilai derajat substitusi atau derajat sulfonasi tertinggi secara individual.
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Oil losses during palm oil clarification may occur due to the formation of a stable oil–water–sludge system. This study aimed to produce and characterize *sodium carboxymethyl cellulose* (Na-CMC) and *sodium lignosulfonate* (SLS) from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), evaluate the effects of NaOH, *monochloroacetic acid* (MCAA), and NaHSO₃ on material quality, and determine the best combination based on *oil extraction rate* (OER) and oil quality. Na-CMC was synthesized through alkalization–carboxymethylation and optimized using *Response Surface Methodology* (RSM), whereas SLS was produced through lignin isolation–sulfonation. Characterization included FTIR, *purity*, pH, *moisture content*, degree of substitution by back titration, and degree of sulfonation by conductometric titration. Performance was evaluated using OER, while oil quality was assessed through analyses of *free fatty acid* (FFA), *moisture content*, and *dirt content*. The optimum Na-CMC condition was obtained at 41.0% NaOH and 8.10 g MCAA, yielding a *purity* of 83.4433 ± 0.2650% and a degree of substitution of 0.7639 ± 0.0061. The highest degree of sulfonation for SLS was obtained at 0.4 M NaHSO₃. The synthesized Na-CMC–SLS combinations produced OER values of 85.58–93.82%, exceeding those of both the system without a *demulsifier* and the commercial combination. The selected combination of optimum Na-CMC and 0.2 M SLS produced a validated OER of 93.0433 ± 0.2701%. These findings indicate that demulsification performance was governed by the balance of chemical characteristics and functional interactions between Na-CMC and SLS, rather than by the highest degree of substitution or degree of sulfonation individually.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Demulsifier Hijau, Na-CMC, SLS, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Emulsi Oil/Water/Sludge, Oil Extraction Rate, Oil Loss Green Demulsifier, Na-CMC, SLS, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), Oil Extraction Rate, Oil/Water/Sludge Emulsion, Oil Loss |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP669 Oils, fats, and waxes T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP994 Surface active agents. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Alya Rachmadina |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 01:37 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 01:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142514 |
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