Penerapan Maximum Power Point Tracking Pada Sistem Fotovoltaik Terhadap Kondisi Partial Shading Menggunakan Metode Firefly

Ismail, Aditya Bintang (2026) Penerapan Maximum Power Point Tracking Pada Sistem Fotovoltaik Terhadap Kondisi Partial Shading Menggunakan Metode Firefly. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan energi surya melalui sistem photovoltaic (PV) merupakan salah satu solusi energi terbarukan, namun daya keluaran panel surya dipengaruhi oleh perubahan irradiansi, suhu, dan kondisi partial shading yang menyebabkan titik daya maksimum (Maximum Power Point/MPP) berubah-ubah. Pada kondisi tersebut dapat muncul lebih dari satu puncak daya (multiple peak), sehingga metode MPPT konvensional seperti Perturb and Observe (P&O) berpotensi terjebak pada puncak daya lokal (local peak) dan mengurangi daya keluaran sistem. Penelitian ini menerapkan sistem Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) berbasis algoritma Firefly pada DC–DC buck converter, kemudian membandingkan kinerjanya dengan sistem tanpa MPPT dan metode P&O. Sistem terdiri atas panel surya 240 Wp, buck converter, driver MOSFET IR2184, sensor tegangan dan arus, ADC eksternal ADS1115, serta mikrokontroler ESP32. Algoritma Firefly digunakan untuk menentukan duty cycle optimal sehingga panel surya dapat beroperasi pada Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP), baik pada kondisi irradiansi seragam maupun partial shading. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan rata-rata efisiensi pelacakan sebesar 22,81% pada sistem tanpa MPPT, 89,96% dengan metode P&O, dan 95,20% dengan metode Firefly. Secara eksperimen, efisiensi rata-rata sistem meningkat dari 29,65% tanpa MPPT menjadi 43,10% menggunakan P&O dan mencapai 90,49% dengan metode Firefly. Pada kondisi uniform, metode Firefly menghasilkan daya 141,8 W dengan efisiensi 88,43%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan P&O sebesar 82,26%. Pada kondisi partial shading, metode Firefly memperoleh daya 61,38 W dengan efisiensi 92,54%, sedangkan P&O hanya mencapai 3,93% karena terjebak pada local peak, sehingga menunjukkan kemampuan Firefly yang lebih baik dalam melacak GMPP dan mengoptimalkan penyaluran daya dari panel surya ke beban.
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The utilization of solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) systems has become one of the promising renewable energy solutions. However, the output power of PV panels is significantly affected by variations in solar irradiance, temperature, and partial shading conditions, causing the Maximum Power Point (MPP) to shift continuously. Under partial shading, multiple power peaks may occur, making conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) susceptible to becoming trapped at a local peak, thereby reducing the overall power output of the system. This study implements a Firefly Algorithm-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system on a DC–DC buck converter and compares its performance with a system without MPPT and the conventional P&O method. The proposed system consists of a 240 Wp photovoltaic panel, a buck converter, an IR2184 MOSFET driver, voltage and current sensors, an ADS1115 external ADC, and an ESP32 microcontroller. The Firefly Algorithm is employed to determine the optimal duty cycle, enabling the PV system to operate at the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) under both uniform irradiance and partial shading conditions. Simulation results show an average tracking efficiency of 22.81% for the system without MPPT, 89.96% for the P&O method, and 95.20% for the Firefly Algorithm. Experimentally, the average system efficiency increased from 29.65% without MPPT to 43.10% using the P&O method and reached 90.49% with the Firefly Algorithm. Under uniform irradiance, the Firefly Algorithm produced 141.8 W with an efficiency of 88.43%, higher than the 82.26% achieved by the P&O method. Under partial shading conditions, the Firefly Algorithm produced 61.38 W with an efficiency of 92.54%, whereas the P&O method reached only 3.93% because it was trapped at a local peak. These results demonstrate that the Firefly Algorithm is more effective in tracking the GMPP and maximizing power transfer from the photovoltaic panel to the load.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	MPPT, Photovoltaic, Buck Converter, Algoritma Firefly, Partial Shading, MPPT, Photovoltaic, Buck Converter, FireFly Algorithm, Partial Shading.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ810.5 Solar energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Aditya Bintang Ismail
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 02:13
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 02:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142581

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