Analysis of Ship Sinking Accident in Indonesia Year 2010-2025 Using 4M and ANP

Riandy, Muhammad (2026) Analysis of Ship Sinking Accident in Indonesia Year 2010-2025 Using 4M and ANP. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kecelakaan kapal tenggelam masih menjadi salah satu tantangan keselamatan yang paling krusial dalam sektor transportasi laut Indonesia, mengingat kondisi geografis Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan dengan aktivitas pelayaran antarpulau yang sangat padat. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab kecelakaan kapal tenggelam di Indonesia pada periode 2010 - 2025 dengan mengintegrasikan kerangka 4M (Man, Machine, Media, dan Management) dengan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP). Sebanyak 45 laporan investigasi kecelakaan yang diterbitkan oleh Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT) diklasifikasikan secara sistematis ke dalam empat kategori 4M beserta subfaktornya, kemudian dibobotkan secara kuantitatif menggunakan ANP melalui perbandingan berpasangan yang diolah dengan perangkat lunak Super Decisions. Hasil klasifikasi 4M menunjukkan bahwa situational awareness, machinery failure, gelombang laut tinggi, dan perencanaan manajemen yang buruk merupakan penyebab yang paling sering tercatat pada masing-masing kategori. Hasil pembobotan ANP lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa kategori Management memiliki pengaruh paling dominan secara keseluruhan (bobot 0,33246), diikuti oleh Machine (0,33173), Man (0,25633), dan Media (0,07948), dengan perencanaan manajemen yang buruk teridentifikasi sebagai subfaktor tunggal paling dominan (bobot 0,17737, peringkat 1). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kelemahan organisasi dan manajerial, bukan semata-mata kesalahan manusia, merupakan pendorong utama terjadinya kecelakaan kapal tenggelam di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan sejumlah rekomendasi keselamatan yang diprioritaskan, meliputi penguatan sistem manajemen keselamatan, program perawatan teknis, pelatihan kompetensi awak kapal, serta teknologi pemantauan cuaca, guna mendukung strategi pencegahan kecelakaan kapal yang lebih efektif.
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Ship sinking accidents remain one of the most critical safety challenges within Indonesia's maritime transportation sector, particularly given the country's extensive archipelagic geography and dense inter-island shipping activity. This study analyzes the causal factors of ship sinking accidents in Indonesia during the period 2010 - 2025 by integrating the 4M framework (Man, Machine, Media, and Management) with the Analytic Network Process (ANP). A total of 45 accident investigation reports issued by the National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) were systematically classified into the four 4M categories and their respective subfactors, before being quantitatively weighted using ANP through pairwise comparisons processed with Super Decisions software. The 4M classification reveals that situational awareness, machinery failure, high sea waves, and poor planning management are the most frequently recorded causes within their respective categories. The ANP weighting further shows that Management is the most influential category overall (weight 0.33246), followed by Machine (0.33173), Man (0.25633), and Media (0.07948), with poor planning management identified as the single most dominant subfactor (weight 0.17737, rank 1). These findings indicate that organizational and managerial deficiencies, rather than human error alone, constitute the primary drivers of ship sinking accidents in Indonesia. Based on these results, this study proposes a set of prioritized safety recommendations, including the strengthening of safety management systems, technical maintenance programs, crew competency training, and weather monitoring technology, to support more effective maritime accident prevention strategies.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Analytic Network Process, Kecelakaan Kapal Tenggelam, Kerangka 4M, Keselamatan Maritim, 4M Framework, Analytic Network Process, Maritime Safety, Ship Sinking Accident
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM293 Shipping--Indonesia--Safety measures
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Riandy
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 00:59
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 00:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142638

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