Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Akuisisi Data Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Pada Kelas P-200 Departemen Teknik Fisika ITS

Dzaky, Muhammad Wildan (2026) Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Akuisisi Data Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Pada Kelas P-200 Departemen Teknik Fisika ITS. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) merupakan salah satu sistem energi terbarukan yang memiliki potensi besar untuk mendukung pemanfaatan energi bersih di lingkungan akademik. PLTS yang terpasang pada kelas P-200 Departemen Teknik Fisika ITS belum dilengkapi dengan sistem monitoring yang mampu menampilkan kondisi operasional secara real-time dan menyimpan data historis secara terstruktur. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan proses pemantauan parameter kelistrikan, evaluasi performa sistem, serta pemanfaatan PLTS sebagai media pembelajaran dan penelitian belum berjalan secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem monitoring PLTS berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang terintegrasi dari perangkat keras hingga perangkat lunak. Sistem yang dikembangkan menggunakan ESP32 sebagai mikrokontroler utama, sensor PZEM-004T untuk pengukuran sisi AC, serta sensor PZEM-017 untuk pengukuran sisi PV Output dan baterai. Data hasil pembacaan sensor dikirimkan menggunakan protokol MQTT melalui jaringan Wi-Fi, kemudian diterima dan diolah menggunakan Node-RED. Selanjutnya, data disimpan pada database PostgreSQL dan divisualisasikan melalui FUXA SCADA sebagai dashboard monitoring berbasis web. Selain pengujian fungsi sistem, dilakukan pula analisis Quality of Service (QoS) untuk mengevaluasi performa komunikasi MQTT berdasarkan parameter delay, jitter, throughput, dan packet loss rate pada variasi jarak 0 meter, 5 meter, dan 10 meter.
Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem monitoring berhasil melakukan akuisisi, transmisi, penyimpanan, dan visualisasi data PLTS secara real-time. Proses akuisisi data berhasil dilakukan pada tiga titik pengukuran, yaitu sisi PV Output, baterai, dan beban, dengan parameter yang diperoleh meliputi tegangan, arus, dan daya sesuai dengan karakteristik masing-masing titik pengukuran. Data hasil akuisisi dapat diterima secara periodik oleh sistem, disimpan pada PostgreSQL, dan digunakan sebagai sumber data untuk visualisasi serta analisis QoS. Analisis QoS menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jarak terhadap sumber jaringan Wi-Fi menyebabkan kenaikan nilai delay dan jitter pada seluruh sensor. Nilai throughput relatif stabil pada rentang 0,00056–0,00064 Mbps, sedangkan packet loss rate berada pada rentang 0,6–1,4%, sehingga tingkat keberhasilan pengiriman data berada di atas 98%. Berdasarkan evaluasi standar TIPHON, parameter packet loss rate berada pada kategori baik, sedangkan delay dan jitter mengalami penurunan kualitas pada jarak yang lebih jauh. Dengan demikian, sistem monitoring PLTS berbasis IoT yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk pemantauan, akuisisi dan pencatatan data, serta mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran dan penelitian pada PLTS ruang kelas P-200 Departemen Teknik Fisika ITS.
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Solar Power Plants (SPP) are renewable energy systems with considerable potential to support the utilization of clean energy in academic environments. The SPP installed in the P-200 classroom of the Department of Engineering Physics, ITS, has not yet been equipped with a monitoring system capable of displaying operational conditions in real time and storing historical data in a structured manner. This limitation restricts the monitoring of electrical parameters, system performance evaluation, and the utilization of the SPP as a learning and research facility. Therefore, this study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based SPP monitoring system that integrates both hardware and software components.
The developed system uses an ESP32 as the main microcontroller, a PZEM-004T sensor for AC-side measurements, and PZEM-017 sensors for measurements on the PV output and battery sides. Sensor data are transmitted through a Wi-Fi network using the MQTT protocol and subsequently received and processed using Node-RED. The data are then stored in a PostgreSQL database and visualized through FUXA SCADA as a web-based monitoring dashboard. In addition to system functionality testing, a Quality of Service (QoS) analysis was conducted to evaluate MQTT communication performance based on delay, jitter, throughput, and packet loss rate at distances of 0 m, 5 m, and 10 m. The test results show that the monitoring system successfully performs real-time acquisition, transmission, storage, and visualization of SPP data. Data acquisition was successfully performed at three measurement points, namely the PV output, battery, and load sides, with the acquired parameters including voltage, current, and power according to the characteristics of each measurement point. The acquired data were periodically received by the system, stored in PostgreSQL, and utilized as data sources for visualization and QoS analysis. The QoS analysis indicates that increasing the distance from the Wi-Fi source causes an increase in delay and jitter for all sensors. Throughput remains relatively stable in the range of 0,00056–0,00064 Mbps, while the packet loss rate ranges from 0.6% to 1.4%, resulting in a data transmission success rate above 98%. Based on the TIPHON standard evaluation, the packet loss rate is categorized as good, whereas delay and jitter show a decline in quality at greater distances. Therefore, the developed IoT-based SPP monitoring system is feasible for real-time monitoring, data acquisition and logging, as well as supporting learning and research activities on the SPP installed in the P-200 classroom of the Department of Engineering Physics, ITS.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ810.5 Solar energy T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1087 Photovoltaic power generation T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5105.585 TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5105.5956 Quality of service. Reliability Including network performance
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Wildan Dzaky
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 00:40
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 00:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142745

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