Biosintesis nanopartikel perak menggunakan ekstrak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) dan L-fenilalanin untuk aplikasi antikanker

Rahmahana, Ratna Syifa`a (2026) Biosintesis nanopartikel perak menggunakan ekstrak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) dan L-fenilalanin untuk aplikasi antikanker. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) telah menjadi fokus penelitian nanomedicine karena potensinya sebagai agen antikanker berukuran nano (1-100 nm) yang dapat menembus membran sel dan berinteraksi langsung dengan komponen seluler untuk menginduksi kematian sel kanker. Biosintesis AgNPs menggunakan metode sintesis hijau dengan ekstrak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) memanfaatkan senyawa bioaktif seperti eugenol dan flavonoid sebagai bioreduktor untuk mereduksi ion Ag⁺ menjadi Ag⁰, di mana senyawa bioaktif ini juga berkontribusi pada aktivitas antiproliferatif terhadap sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi antikanker AgNPs hasil biosintesis ekstrak cengkeh yang dimodifikasi dengan L-fenilalanin terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa. Optimasi parameter sintesis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) meliputi suhu, waktu inkubasi, konsentrasi AgNO₃, dan volume ekstrak untuk memperoleh karakteristik AgNPs yang optimal. Kondisi optimum biosintesis AgNP-SA melalui pendekatan OFAT diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 1 jam, konsentrasi AgNO₃ 1 mM, dan volume ekstrak cengkeh 0,5 mL (pH 6, 60°C), dengan volume optimum L-fenilalanin untuk konjugasi AgNP-Phe sebesar 2 mL. Karakterisasi FTIR, XRD, FESEM, dan EDX mengonfirmasi keberhasilan biosintesis dan konjugasi, meliputi struktur kristal Ag⁰ FCC, morfologi spherical berukuran 28,43±5,55 nm (AgNP-SA) dan 33,47±7,78 nm (AgNP-Phe), serta keberadaan sinyal nitrogen sebagai bukti elemental konjugasi fenilalanin. Uji MTT menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik yang tergolong “aktif” terhadap sel HeLa, dengan IC₅₀ sebesar 27,83 µg/mL (AgNP-SA) dan 26,79 µg/mL (AgNP-Phe) dibandingkan cisplatin (IC₅₀ = 2,20 µg/mL), mengindikasikan bahwa konjugasi L-fenilalanin turut meningkatkan potensi antikanker AgNP hasil biosintesis dari ekstrak cengkeh.
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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become a focus of nanomedicine research due to their potential as anticancer agents with nano-sized dimensions (1-100 nm) that can penetrate cell membranes and directly interact with cellular components to induce cancer cell death. The biosynthesis of AgNPs using green synthesis methods with clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) utilizes bioactive compounds such as eugenol and flavonoids as bioreductors to reduce Ag⁺ ions to Ag⁰, where these bioactive compounds also contribute to antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. Optimization of synthesis parameters was performed using the One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) approach including temperature, incubation time, AgNO₃ concentration, and extract volume to obtain optimal AgNPs characteristics. Modification with L-phenylalanine was conducted to enhance colloidal stability and biocompatibility of AgNPs as well as to utilize it as a targeting ligand through overexpression of LAT1 transporter in cancer cells. HeLa cervical cancer cells were selected as the test model due to their resistance characteristics to conventional therapy and their widespread use in in vitro cervical cancer research. The synthesized AgNPs (AgNP) and modified AgNPs (AgNP-Phe) were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM-EDX. Anticancer effectiveness was evaluated through MTT assay cytotoxicity testing against HeLa cells with cisplatin as positive control and MEM media as negative control. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively based on IC₅₀ values and cell viability percentages. The results showed that both AgNP and AgNP-Phe exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells, with IC₅₀ values of 27.83 µg/mL and 26.79 µg/mL, respectively, indicating that L-phenylalanine conjugation enhanced the anticancer potential of the clove-extract-mediated biosynthesized AgNP.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	AgNP, antikanker, Biosintesis, L-fenilalanin, Syzygium aromaticum, AgNP, antikanker, Biosintesis, L-fenilalanin, Syzygium aromaticum
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH601 Cell membranes Q Science > QK Botany > QK14.5 Botanical literature (Including works on herbals) Q Science > QP Physiology > QP624 Molecular biology. Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR 201.T84 Tumors. Cancer R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > R Medicine (General) > R857.M3 Biomedical materials. Biomedical materials--Testing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Ratna Syifa`a Rahmahana
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 01:40
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 01:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142764

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