Analisis Business Process Debt Pada Proses Bisnis Administrasi Akademik Dengan Metode Kualitatif

Ashava, Raihanda Naufal (2026) Analisis Business Process Debt Pada Proses Bisnis Administrasi Akademik Dengan Metode Kualitatif. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transformasi digital pada perguruan tinggi mendorong penggunaan sistem informasi untuk mendukung layanan administrasi akademik agar lebih efisien, transparan, dan mudah diakses. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) telah menerapkan berbagai sistem digital pada proses akademik, termasuk pendaftaran ulang mahasiswa baru, pengajuan skripsi/tesis melalui MyITSThesis, dan pengajuan magang. Meskipun demikian, pelaksanaan proses tersebut masih menunjukkan sejumlah permasalahan, seperti ketidakjelasan alur proses, dependensi lintas unit, proses manual, ketidaksesuaian workflow dengan praktik aktual, serta kebingungan pengguna. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara proses aktual yang berjalan dengan proses ideal yang diharapkan. Fenomena ini dapat dijelaskan melalui konsep Business Process Debt (BPD), yaitu akumulasi keputusan atau desain proses yang kurang optimal sehingga menimbulkan konsekuensi jangka panjang terhadap efektivitas proses bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe dan bentuk Business Process Debt serta menganalisis dampaknya pada proses bisnis administrasi akademik yang telah terdigitalisasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan theory-building case study pada tiga proses bisnis akademik di ITS, yaitu pendaftaran ulang mahasiswa baru, pengajuan skripsi/tesis, dan pengajuan magang. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dan dokumentasi terdahulu yang relevan dengan masing-masing proses. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan Gioia yang terdiri dari identifikasi first-order concepts, pengelompokan ke dalam second-order themes, dan pembentukan aggregate dimensions. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menjaga keterlacakan antara data empiris, proses interpretasi, dan hasil konseptual penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Business Process Debt pada proses bisnis administrasi akademik ITS muncul dalam dua tipe utama, yaitu Architectural Debt dan Design Debt. Architectural Debt ditemukan dalam bentuk ketidakjelasan definisi dan ownership proses serta dependensi lintas unit dan sistem. Sementara itu, Design Debt ditemukan dalam bentuk cakupan dan otomasi proses yang belum lengkap, formalisasi panduan dan prosedur yang belum memadai, ketidaksesuaian workflow dengan praktik aktual, serta kontrol handoff dan tracking dokumen yang belum memadai. Dampak BPD yang ditemukan meliputi ketidakpastian dan kebingungan pengguna, keterlambatan dan hambatan proses, ketidakseragaman pelaksanaan proses, peningkatan beban kerja manual, serta kesulitan implementasi dan penggunaan sistem. Nilai tambah penelitian ini adalah memberikan pemetaan empiris mengenai hubungan antara tipe BPD, bentuk BPD, dan dampaknya dalam konteks proses bisnis akademik terdigitalisasi, sehingga dapat menjadi dasar bagi evaluasi dan perbaikan tata kelola proses bisnis akademik di perguruan tinggi.
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Digital transformation in higher education has encouraged the use of information systems to support academic administrative services so that they become more efficient, transparent, and accessible. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) has implemented various digital systems in academic processes, including new student re-registration, thesis/dissertation submission through MyITSThesis, and internship application. However, the implementation of these processes still shows several problems, such as unclear process flows, dependencies across units, manual processes, workflow misalignment with actual practices, and user confusion. These conditions indicate a gap between the actual process and the expected ideal process. This phenomenon can be explained through the concept of Business Process Debt (BPD), which refers to the accumulation of suboptimal process decisions or designs that create long-term consequences for business process effectiveness.
This study aims to identify the types and forms of Business Process Debt and to analyze its impacts on digitalized academic administrative business processes. This research uses a qualitative approach with a theory-building case study on three academic business processes at ITS, namely new student re-registration, thesis/dissertation submission, and internship application. The research data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and previous documentation relevant to each process. Data analysis was conducted using the Gioia approach, which consists of identifying first-order concepts, grouping them into second-order themes, and developing aggregate dimensions. This approach was used to maintain traceability between empirical data, the interpretation process, and the conceptual findings of the study. The results show that Business Process Debt in ITS academic administrative business processes appears in two main types: Architectural Debt and Design Debt. Architectural Debt is found in the form of unclear process definition and ownership, as well as dependencies across units and systems. Meanwhile, Design Debt is found in the form of incomplete process scope and automation, insufficient formalization of guidelines and procedures, workflow misalignment with actual practices, and inadequate handoff control and document tracking. The impacts of BPD include user uncertainty and confusion, process delays and obstacles, inconsistent process execution, increased manual workload, and difficulties in system implementation and use. The added value of this study lies in providing an empirical mapping of the relationship between BPD types, BPD forms, and their impacts in the context of digitalized academic business processes. Therefore, the findings can serve as a basis for evaluating and improving academic business process governance in higher education.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Digitalisasi, Proses Bisnis, Business Process Debt, Analisis Kualitatif
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.5 Information technology. IT--Auditing T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.6 Management information systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Information System > 59101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Raihanda Naufal Ashava
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 03:38
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 03:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142888

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