Optimasi Hidrolisis Enzimatis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Koktail Enzim Untuk Produksi Gula Sederhana

Febriyanti, Tria (2026) Optimasi Hidrolisis Enzimatis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Koktail Enzim Untuk Produksi Gula Sederhana. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produksi bioetanol karena mengandung selulosa dan hemiselulosa dalam jumlah tinggi. Namun, keberadaan lignin menyebabkan struktur TKKS bersifat resisten terhadap hidrolisis sehingga diperlukan pretreatment dan penggunaan koktail enzim untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan koktail enzim selulase, xilanase, dan mananase dari isolat aktinomisetes dalam menghidrolisis TKKS, menentukan kondisi hidrolisis terbaik melalui evaluasi kombinasi pH dan suhu serta optimasi loading substrat dan loading enzim selulase menggunakan pendekatan One Factor at a Time (OFAT), serta memperoleh gula fermentabel hasil hidrolisis yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produksi bioetanol. Pretreatment dilakukan menggunakan larutan NaOH 3%, kemudian dikarakterisasi melalui analisis gravimetri Van Soest dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Aktivitas enzim selulase, xilanase, dan mananase masing-masing sebesar 2,32 U/mL, 2,71 U/mL, dan 16,70 U/mL. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa pretreatment mampu mengubah komposisi lignoselulosa serta meningkatkan porositas dan kerusakan permukaan TKKS sehingga meningkatkan aksesibilitas enzim terhadap substrat. Kondisi hidrolisis terbaik diperoleh pada pH 5,0, suhu 50 °C, loading substrat 3% (b/v), serta loading enzim selulase 35 U/g dengan loading xilanase dan mananase masing-masing sebesar 12 U/g dan 5 U/g. Pada kondisi tersebut diperoleh konsentrasi gula pereduksi tertinggi sebesar 5,85 g/L, sedangkan analisis HPLC mengidentifikasi glukosa dan xilosa sebagai produk hidrolisis. Hidrolisat kemudian dipekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator sebelum digunakan sebagai substrat fermentasi, tetapi etanol belum terdeteksi pada kondisi fermentasi yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koktail enzim berbasis aktinomisetes mampu menghidrolisis TKKS menjadi gula fermentabel dan berpotensi sebagai tahap awal dalam produksi bioetanol.
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Empty Fruit Bunches Oil Palm (EFBOP) are lignocellulosic biomass with great potential as a feedstock for bioethanol production due to their high cellulose and hemicellulose contents. However, the presence of lignin makes the biomass highly recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, necessitating pretreatment and the application of enzyme cocktails to improve substrate accessibility. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of an enzyme cocktail consisting of cellulase, xylanase, and mannanase derived from actinomycete isolates to hydrolyze EFBOP, determine the optimum hydrolysis conditions through the evaluation of pH and temperature combinations followed by the optimization of substrate loading and cellulase loading using the One Factor at a Time (OFAT) approach, and obtain fermentable sugars from EFBOP hydrolysis as a potential feedstock for bioethanol production. Alkali pretreatment was performed using 3% NaOH and characterized by gravimetric analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The cellulase, xylanase, and mannanase activities were 2.32 U/mL, 2.71 U/mL, and 16.70 U/mL, respectively. The characterization results demonstrated that alkali pretreatment altered the lignocellulosic composition and increased the surface porosity and structural disruption of EFBOP, thereby enhancing enzyme accessibility. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were obtained at pH 5.0, 50 °C, 3% (w/v) substrate loading, and cellulase loading of 35 U/g, while xylanase and mannanase loadings were maintained at 12 U/g and 5 U/g, respectively. Under these conditions, the highest reducing sugar concentration of 5.85 g/L was obtained, while HPLC analysis identified glucose and xylose as the hydrolysis products. The hydrolysate was subsequently concentrated using a rotary evaporator before being used as the substrate for fermentation. However, ethanol was not detected under the fermentation conditions employed. The results demonstrate that the actinomycete-based enzyme cocktail is capable of hydrolyzing EFBOP into fermentable sugars and has the potential to serve as an initial step in bioethanol production.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), Hidrolisis Enzimatis, Koktail Enzim, Aktinomisetes, Bioetanol, Empty Fruit Bunches Oil Palm (EFBOP), Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Enzyme Cocktail, Actinomycetes, Bioethanol
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Tria Febriyanti
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 04:12
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 04:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142967

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