Nabi, Garih Hilman (2026) Analisis Perbandingan Waktu dan Biaya Antara Pelat Cast-In-Situ Konvensional dan Precast Half Slab pada Pembangunan Gedung Apartemen The Padmayana 19 Lantai Menggunakan Building Information Modeling (BIM). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pelat lantai merupakan salah satu pekerjaan struktur yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap waktu dan biaya pembangunan gedung bertingkat karena porsi volume dan durasinya yang besar dalam siklus per lantai. Metode cast-in-situ konvensional menghasilkan sambungan monolit dan fleksibel terhadap bentuk pelat, namun memerlukan rangkaian pekerjaan yang panjang mulai dari pemasangan bekisting, pembesian, pengecoran, perawatan beton, hingga pembongkaran bekisting. Sebagai alternatif, precast half slab menawarkan percepatan waktu pelaksanaan karena bagian bawah pelat telah difabrikasi di luar site, namun menambah biaya pengadaan dan mobilisasi panel pracetak. Penelitian ini membandingkan kedua metode tersebut pada pembangunan Gedung Apartemen The Padmayana 19 lantai di Jakarta Selatan menggunakan pendekatan Building Information Modeling (BIM) untuk mengintegrasikan data geometri, volume, waktu, dan biaya. Tahapan penelitian mencakup penyusunan metode pelaksanaan, pemodelan struktur menggunakan Autodesk Revit, quantity take-off, analisis kekuatan panel half slab beserta shear connector, perhitungan produktivitas tenaga kerja dan alat berat (Tower Crane dan Concrete Pump) per lantai berdasarkan waktu siklus kumulatif, penyusunan jadwal menggunakan Microsoft Project, simulasi 4D dengan Navisworks, serta penyusunan Rencana Anggaran Pelaksanaan berbasis BIM 5D. Validasi QTO model BIM terhadap Bill of Quantity eksisting menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 98,75% untuk beton, 98,48% untuk tulangan, dan 99,33% untuk bekisting, sehingga model dinyatakan valid sebagai dasar analisis volume, durasi, dan biaya pekerjaan. Evaluasi struktural menunjukkan bahwa seluruh 10 tipe panel half slab komposit memenuhi kapasitas minimum pelat cast-in-situ pembanding, meskipun panel tetap memerlukan shoring sementara pada tahap pra-komposit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan metode cast-in-situ memerlukan waktu 344 hari kalender dengan total biaya Rp49.683.126.208,04, sedangkan metode precast half slab memerlukan 312 hari kalender dengan total biaya Rp52.773.870.484,03. Metode half slab memberikan percepatan 32 hari atau 9,3%, namun lebih mahal Rp3.004.570.646 atau 5,86% akibat biaya pengadaan dan pengiriman panel pracetak. Metode precast half slab lebih sesuai bila percepatan waktu menjadi prioritas proyek, sedangkan metode cast-in-situ lebih ekonomis bila biaya langsung pelaksanaan menjadi pertimbangan utama.
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Floor slabs constitute a significant portion of the volume and duration in each floor cycle of high-rise building construction, making them a critical factor in overall project time and cost. The conventional cast-in-situ method produces monolithic connections and accommodates irregular slab geometries, but requires an extensive sequence of formwork installation, reinforcement placement, concrete pouring, curing, and formwork removal. As an alternative, precast half slab offers schedule acceleration since the lower portion of the slab is prefabricated off-site, although it introduces additional costs for panel procurement and mobilization. This study compares both methods for the construction of The Padmayana Apartment, a 19-story building in South Jakarta, using a Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach to integrate geometric data, quantities, time, and cost. The research stages include construction method formulation, structural modeling using Autodesk Revit, quantity take-off, structural analysis of half slab panels and shear connectors, productivity analysis of labor and heavy equipment (Tower Crane and Concrete Pump) per floor based on cumulative cycle time, scheduling using Microsoft Project, 4D simulation with Navisworks, and BIM 5D-based budget estimation. Validation of the BIM quantity take-off against the existing Bill of Quantity showed conformity rates of 98.75% for concrete, 98.48% for reinforcement, and 99.33% for formwork, confirming the model as a valid basis for volume, duration, and cost analysis. Structural evaluation demonstrated that all 10 types of composite half slab panels met the minimum capacity of the corresponding cast-in-situ slabs (ϕMn HS ≥ 1.01 × ϕMn CIS), although temporary shoring remains necessary during the pre-composite stage. The results show that the cast-in-situ method requires 344 calendar days at a total cost of IDR 49.683.126.208,04, while the precast half slab method requires 312 calendar days at a total cost of IDR 52.773.870.484,03. The half slab method provides an acceleration of 32 days or 5,86%, but costs an additional IDR 3,389,537,541 or 5.90% due to precast panel procurement and delivery. The precast half slab method is more suitable when schedule acceleration is a project priority, while the cast-in-situ method is more economical when direct construction cost is the primary consideration.
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