Evaluasi Carbon Reduction Dan Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Pemanfaatan Biomassa Sebagai Bahan Bakar Co-Firing Pada PLTU XYZ Melalui Cost Benefit Analysis

Aditya, Muchlis (2026) Evaluasi Carbon Reduction Dan Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Pemanfaatan Biomassa Sebagai Bahan Bakar Co-Firing Pada PLTU XYZ Melalui Cost Benefit Analysis. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kinerja lingkungan dan ekonomi dari implementasi co-firing biomassa pada PLTU XYZ selama periode 2023–2025, menggunakan pendekatan terintegrasi Carbon Reduction Analysis (CRA) dan Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) incremental berbasis data operasional realisasi. Hasil CRA menunjukkan bahwa co-firing berhasil menekan emisi CO₂ sebesar 109.707–191.984 ton per tahun, setara 2,08–3,80% terhadap baseline, dengan besaran yang berbanding lurus terhadap volume biomassa yang digunakan. Meskipun demikian, kontribusinya terhadap penurunan intensitas karbon pembangkit secara keseluruhan masih tergolong kecil, mengingat batubara tetap menjadi sumber energi dominan. Dari sisi ekonomi, karena penelitian ini bersifat ex-post dan seluruh data merupakan realisasi historis, evaluasi dilakukan berbasis akumulasi nilai nominal tanpa proses pendiskontoan. Berdasarkan fakta operasional murni tanpa kebijakan karbon (Skenario 1), co-firing menghasilkan total selisih biaya sebesar -Rp21,08 miliar. Dengan tambahan simulasi shadow carbon price Rp30.000/ton CO₂ (Skenario 2), total selisih biaya tetap negatif sebesar -Rp7,28 miliar. Analisis lanjutan menghasilkan Carbon Break-Even Price (CBEP) sebesar Rp45.841/ton CO₂ dan Shadow Carbon Competitiveness Index (SCCI) sebesar 0,6544, menunjukkan bahwa tarif pajak karbon aktual baru menutup 65,44% dari kebutuhan agar co-firing mencapai titik impas ekonomi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa co-firing biomassa memberikan manfaat lingkungan yang nyata, namun pada tingkat harga biomassa saat ini belum menunjukkan kinerja ekonomi positif tanpa dukungan kebijakan harga karbon yang lebih kuat, sehingga lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai strategi transisi jangka menengah
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This study evaluates the environmental and economic performance of biomass co-firing implementation at PLTU XYZ during 2023–2025, using an integrated Carbon Reduction Analysis (CRA) and incremental Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach based on realized operational data. CRA results show that co-firing reduced CO₂ emissions by 109,707–191,984 tons annually, equivalent to 2.08–3.80% relative to baseline, with magnitude proportional to the volume of biomass utilized. Nevertheless, its contribution to the plant's overall carbon intensity reduction remains limited, as coal continues to dominate the energy mix. Economically, because this study is ex-post and all data represent historical realizations, evaluation is based on accumulated nominal values without discounting. Based purely on realized operational facts, excluding any carbon pricing component (Scenario 1), co-firing generates a total cost differential of -IDR 21.08 billion. When a shadow carbon price of IDR 30,000/ton CO₂ is simulated as a policy scenario (Scenario 2), the total cost differential remains negative at -IDR 7.28 billion. Further analysis yields a Carbon Break-Even Price (CBEP) of IDR 45,841/ton CO₂ and a Shadow Carbon Competitiveness Index (SCCI) of 0.6544, indicating that the current carbon tax rate covers only 65.44% of the requirement for co-firing to reach economic break-even. These findings confirm that biomass co-firing provides genuine environmental benefits, but at current biomass price levels has not demonstrated positive economic performance without stronger carbon pricing policy support, positioning it more appropriately as a medium-term transition strategy

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biomassa, CBA, Carbon Reduction, Co-firing, PLTU, Biomass, Carbon Reduction, CBA, Co-firing, Coal Power Plant
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory > HB846.2 Cost benefit analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Muchlis Aditya
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 07:44
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 07:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142980

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