Model Forward And Reverse Logistics Baterai Kendaraan Listrik

Hakim, Muhammad Aufa (2026) Model Forward And Reverse Logistics Baterai Kendaraan Listrik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan produksi dan penggunaan kendaraan listrik di Indonesia menimbulkan kebutuhan terhadap sistem distribusi baterai yang efisien. Di sisi lain, baterai kendaraan listrik memiliki umur pakai terbatas serta termasuk barang berbahaya yang memerlukan penanganan khusus. Persebaran lokasi pabrik baterai, pabrik kendaraan listrik, dealer, dan fasilitas daur ulang yang berbeda menyebabkan proses distribusi baterai baru dan baterai bekas berpotensi menimbulkan biaya logistik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi distribusi baterai kendaraan listrik serta merancang model forward logistics dan reverse logistics dengan biaya logistik minimum. Model forward logistics mencakup pengiriman baterai listrik dari pabrik baterai di Kalimantan Utara menuju beberapa pabrik mobil listrik di Jakarta dan Jawa Barat. Sedangkan model reverse logistics mencakup pengumpulan baterai bekas dari dealer di 33 provinsi melalui distribution center menuju fasilitas daur ulang di Maluku Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah Mixed Integer Linear Programming dengan perangkat lunak Evolver untuk menentukan rute, moda, muatan, dan frekuensi pengiriman. Metode Center of Gravity digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi distribution center, sedangkan analisis penjadwalan digunakan untuk mengombinasikan layanan kapal pada rute transit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan forward logistics sebesar 659.520 battery pack atau 458 TEU. 4 rute pelayaran terpilih dengan biaya logistik minimum sebesar Rp 14.212.043.726 atau Rp 21.549 per battery pack. Pada reverse logistics, potensi baterai bekas mencapai 515.520 battery pack atau 373 TEU. 33 rute pelayaran terpilih dan 29 lokasi distribution center dengan biaya total sebesar Rp 10.838.973.830 atau Rp 21.025 per battery pack. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa integrasi transportasi darat, pelayaran reguler, dan fasilitas konsolidasi dapat mendukung distribusi baterai baru dan bekas dengan biaya logistik minimum.
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The increasing production and use of electric vehicles in Indonesia have created a need for an efficient battery distribution system. However, electric vehicle batteries have a limited service life and are classified as dangerous goods that require special handling. The dispersed locations of battery plants, electric vehicle manufacturing plants, dealers, and recycling facilities may result in high logistics costs for the distribution of both new and used batteries. This study aims to identify the existing conditions of electric vehicle battery distribution and to develop forward logistics and reverse logistics models with minimum logistics costs. The forward logistics model covers the distribution of electric vehicle batteries from a battery plant in North Kalimantan to several electric vehicle manufacturing plants in Jakarta and West Java. Meanwhile, the reverse logistics model covers the collection of used batteries from dealers in 33 provinces through distribution centers and their transportation to a recycling facility in North Maluku. The method used in this study is Mixed Integer Linear Programming, implemented using Evolver software to determine routes, transportation modes, cargo volumes, and shipment frequencies. The Center of Gravity method is used to determine the locations of distribution centers, while scheduling analysis is applied to combine shipping services on transit routes. The results show that the forward logistics demand reaches 659,520 battery packs or 458 TEU. 4 shipping routes are selected, resulting in a minimum logistics cost of IDR 14.212.043.726 or IDR 21.549 per battery pack. In the reverse logistics model, the potential volume of used batteries reaches 515,520 battery packs or 373 TEU. A total of 33 shipping routes and 29 distribution center locations are selected, with a total cost of IDR 10.838.973.830 or IDR Rp 21.025 per battery pack. These results indicate that the integration of road transportation, reguler liner services, and consolidation facilities can support the distribution of new and used batteries at minimum logistics cost.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Baterai Kendaraan Listrik, Baterai Bekas Kendaraan Listrik, Forward Logistics, Reverse Logistics, Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Center of Gravity,Electric Vehicle Batteries, Used Electric Vehicle Batteries, Forward Logistics, Reverse Logistics, Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Center of Gravity
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA273.6 Weibull distribution. Logistic distribution. T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL220.5 Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles)
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Sea Transportation Engineering > 21207-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Aufa Hakim
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 03:33
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 03:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143015

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