Waskito, Hadi Tama (2026) Optimalisasi Pemilihan Supply Point SPBU untuk Meminimalkan Biaya Distribusi dan Emisi Karbon Menggunakan Mixed Integer Linear Programming di Perusahaan Minyak dan Gas. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sejalan dengan paradigma Industry 5.0, sistem distribusi sebuah perusahaan tidak lagi hanya berorientasi pada efisiensi ekonomi, namun juga dituntut mampu berkontribusi terhadap keberlanjutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang optimalisasi pemilihan supply point distribusi bahan bakar minyak (BBM) di Pulau Bangka menggunakan metode Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Kondisi eksisting terdapat dua supply point, yaitu Depot Balam dan Depot Belinyu yang melayani 74 SPBU. Pemilihan terhadap dua supply point dengan menerapkan konsep product-level single sourcing, dimana setiap produk BBM pada suatu SPBU hanya dapat dipasok oleh satu depot. Fungsi tujuan model penelitian ini untuk meminimalkan total biaya yang terdiri atas biaya transportasi, biaya sewa Depot Belinyu, dan biaya emisi karbon. Selain itu juga model juga mengakomodir kendala operasional, seperti pemenuhan permintaan SPBU, kapasitas pasok depot, ketersediaan produk, minimum stock, safe capacity stock, jam operasi depot, dan batas emisi karbon (carbon cap). Emisi karbon dihitung menggunakan metode API Compendium dan dikonversi menjadi biaya melalui pendekatan carbon pricing. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa pengalihan alokasi pasokan pada 4 SPBU mampu menurunkan biaya distribusi tahunan dari Rp38,96 miliar menjadi Rp37,91 miliar, atau menghasilkan penghematan sebesar Rp1,04 miliar per tahun (2,67%). Selain itu, emisi karbon berhasil diturunkan dari 822,00 ton CO₂e per bulan menjadi 805,89 ton CO₂e per bulan, atau berkurang sebesar 16,11 ton CO₂e per bulan (1,96%). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa depot terdekat belum tentu menghasilkan biaya distribusi yang paling ekonomis sebagai bentuk trade-off antara efisiensi total biaya distribusi dan pengurangan emisi karbon. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi biaya distribusi, biaya sewa depot, biaya emisi karbon, dan kendala product-level single sourcing dengan multi produk dan multi supply point ke dalam satu model MILP untuk mendukung distribusi energi yang lebih efisien dan berkelanjutan.
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In line with the Industry 5.0 paradigm, a company's distribution system is no longer only oriented towards economic efficiency, but is also required to be able to contribute to the environmental sustainability. This study examines the optimization of supply point selection for petroleum product distribution on Bangka Island using the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method. Under current conditions, there are two supply points—the Balam depot and the Belinyu depot—which serve 74 gas stations. The selection of these two supply points applies the concept of product-level single sourcing, where each petroleum product at a gas station can only be supplied by one depot. The objective of this research model is to minimize total costs, which consist of transportation costs, Belinyu depot rental costs, and carbon emission costs. Additionally, the model also accounts for operational constraints, such as fulfilling gas station demand, depot supply capacity, product availability, minimum stock, safe capacity stock, depot operating hours, and carbon emission limits (carbon cap). Carbon emissions are calculated using the API Compendium method and converted into costs through a carbon pricing approach. The optimization results show that reallocating supply at 4 gas stations reduced annual distribution costs from Rp38.96 billion to Rp37.91 billion, resulting in savings of Rp1.04 billion per year (2.67%). Additionally, carbon emissions were successfully reduced from 822.00 tons of CO₂e per month to 805.89 tons of CO₂e per month, representing a reduction of 16.11 tons of CO₂e per month (1.96%). The research results also indicate that the nearest depot does not necessarily result in the most economical distribution costs as a form of trade-off between total distribution cost efficiency and environmental impact. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of distribution costs, depot rental costs, carbon emission costs, and the constraints of product-level single sourcing with multi-product and multi-supply point into a single MILP model to support more efficient and sustainable energy distribution.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Alokasi Supply Point, Product-Level Single Sourcing, Distribusi BBM, Emisi Karbon |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.6 Operations research--Mathematics. Goal programming T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.74 Linear programming T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD886.5 Motor vehicles--Motors--Exhaust gas--Environmental aspects. |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT) |
| Depositing User: | Hadi Tama Waskito |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Aug 2026 14:00 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Aug 2026 14:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143017 |
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