Perancangan Dan Evaluasi Sistem Preheater Biodiesel Pme Melalui Pemanfaatan Panas Gas Buang Pada Mesin Diesel Generator MTU 12V4000G23

Budi Sulistyo, Erwin (2026) Perancangan Dan Evaluasi Sistem Preheater Biodiesel Pme Melalui Pemanfaatan Panas Gas Buang Pada Mesin Diesel Generator MTU 12V4000G23. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 6009241002-Master_Thesis.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (6MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Program mandatori biodiesel di Indonesia mendorong peningkatan penggunaan Palm Methyl Ester (PME) sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Namun, viskositas PME yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan solar menyebabkan perlunya pemanasan sebelum diinjeksikan ke mesin diesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengevaluasi sistem preheater biodiesel PME melalui pemanfaatan panas gas buang mesin diesel generator MTU 12V4000G23 menggunakan Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE). Perhitungan awal digunakan sebagai dasar simulasi menggunakan Aspen HYSYS V14 untuk membandingkan konfigurasi STHE tipe BEM, BEU, dan AES pada kondisi operasi yang sama dengan mempertimbangkan batas back pressure mesin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa STHE tipe BEU terpilih sebagai konfigurasi yang paling sesuai dan mampu memanaskan biodiesel PME dari 29,98 °C menjadi 68,91 °C tanpa melampaui batas back pressure mesin sebesar 8,5 kPa. Implementasi sistem berpotensi menghemat energi sebesar 91.520 kWh/tahun, mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar sebesar 29.286 liter/tahun, serta menurunkan emisi CO₂ sebesar 103,97 ton/tahun. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan CAPEX sebesar Rp693.000.000, OPEX sebesar Rp25.000.000/tahun, NPV sebesar Rp1.889.315.772, IRR sebesar 60,10%, ROI sebesar 60,64%, dan Payback Period selama 1,65 tahun berdasarkan asumsi tingkat diskonto sebesar 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem preheater biodiesel PME berbasis waste heat recovery berpotensi menjadi alternatif peningkatan efisiensi energi dan pengurangan emisi pada pembangkit diesel..
=================================================================================================================================
Indonesia's mandatory biodiesel program has encouraged the increasing utilization of Palm Methyl Ester (PME) as an alternative fuel. However, the higher viscosity of PME compared with conventional diesel fuel necessitates preheating prior to fuel injection into diesel engines. This study aims to design and evaluate a PME biodiesel preheater system utilizing exhaust gas waste heat from an MTU 12V4000G23 diesel generator using a Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE). Preliminary design calculations were performed as the basis for simulation using Aspen HYSYS V14 to compare the performance of BEM, BEU, and AES STHE configurations under identical operating conditions while considering the allowable engine back pressure limit. The simulation results indicate that the BEU configuration is the most suitable design, capable of heating PME biodiesel from 29.98 °C to 68.91 °C without exceeding the maximum allowable engine back pressure of 8.5 kPa. The proposed system has the potential to achieve annual energy savings of 91,520 kWh, reduce fuel consumption by 29,286 L/year, and decrease CO₂ emissions by 103.97 t/year. The economic evaluation indicates a CAPEX of IDR 693,000,000, an annual OPEX of IDR 25,000,000, a Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 1,889,315,772, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 60.10%, a Return on Investment (ROI) of 60.64%, and a Payback Period of 1.65 years, assuming a discount rate of 10%. The findings demonstrate that the proposed waste heat recovery-based PME biodiesel preheater system represents a promising alternative for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in diesel power generation systems.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aspen HYSYS V14, biodiesel PME, emisi CO₂, shell-and-tube heat exchanger, waste heat recovery.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ935 Pipe--Fluid dynamics. Tubes--Fluid dynamics
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Erwin Budi Sulistyo
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2026 07:53
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2026 07:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143041

Actions (login required)

View Item