Arahan Penguatan Ketahanan Masyarakat Berdasarkan Dimensi Sosial dalam Manajemen Risiko Bencana Erupsi Gunung Semeru di Desa Supiturang

Rahmawati, Endhita (2026) Arahan Penguatan Ketahanan Masyarakat Berdasarkan Dimensi Sosial dalam Manajemen Risiko Bencana Erupsi Gunung Semeru di Desa Supiturang. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan tingkat kerawanan bencana yang tinggi, salah satunya bencana erupsi gunung api, dikarenakan berada di pertemuan tiga lempeng tektonik. Gunung Semeru menjadi salah satu gunung paling aktif di Indonesia dengan erupsi yang terjadi berulang, dimana Desa Supiturang menjadi salah satu wilayah yang paling terdampak. Erupsi Gunung Semeru pada tahun 2021 menyebabkan timbulnya korban jiwa, kerusakan permukiman penduduk dan infrastruktur, serta menimbulkan trauma yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi tersebut dikarenakan Desa Supiturang berada tepat di bawah kaki Gunung Semeru sehingga menjadi yang pertama terdampak awan panas guguran. Selain itu, Desa Supiturang berbatasan dengan Sungai Besuk Kobokan yang menjadi tempat aliran lahar ketika terjadi bencana erupsi. Kondisi ini menuntut masyarakat untuk memiliki kemampuan bertahan, beradaptasi, dan pulih dari dampak bencana atau biasa disebut sebagai ketahanan masyarakat. Ketahanan masyarakat terdiri dari berbagai dimensi, namun dimensi sosial penting untuk diperhatikan karena pengabaian terhadap dimensi sosial dapat memperburuk kondisi masyarakat di daerah rawan bencana. Pada kasus erupsi Gunung Semeru, rendahnya kepercayaan masyarakat Desa Supiturang terhadap informasi peringatan dini, lemahnya koordinasi antarwarga Desa Supiturang, serta keterbatasan pengetahuan kebencanaan masyarakat Desa Supiturang menimbulkan dampak bencana yang besar pada peristira erupsi 2021. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan merumuskan arahan ketahanan masyarakat berdasarkan dimensi sosial dalam manajemen risiko bencana erupsi Gunung Semeru di Desa Supiturang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pragmatis dengan jenis penelitian metode campuran melalui pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, dan studi literatur. Analisis menggunakan modified delphi untuk mengetahui variabel ketahanan masyarakat berdasarkan dimensi sosial, content analysis untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting ketahanan masayarakat berdasarkan dimensi sosial, serta gap analysis untuk merumuskan arahan penguatan ketahanan masyarakat berdasarkan dimensi sosial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 variabel yang sudah sesuai kondisi ideal dan 7 variabel yang memerlukan arahan penguatan, yaitu variabel keterikatan tempat, akses terhadap fasilitas evakuasi, program pelatihan kebencanaan, partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan, pengetahuan bencana, program pelatihan kebencanaan khusus kelompok rentan, dan akses tempat evakuasi yang inklusif. Arahan terbagi kedalam tiga tahapan manajemen risiko bencana yaitu 14 variabel di tahap mitigasi, 1 variabel tahap tanggap darurat, dan 1 variabel tahap pemulihan.
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Indonesia is a country with a high level of disaster vulnerability, particularly to volcanic eruptions, due to its location at the convergence of three tectonic plates. Mount Semeru is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, experiencing recurring eruptions that have significantly affected surrounding areas, including Supiturang Village as one of the most severely impacted areas. The 2021 eruption of Mount Semeru caused casualties, damage to residential areas and infrastructure, and prolonged psychological impacts on the affected communities. This condition was influenced by the location of Supiturang Village, which is situated at the foot of Mount Semeru, making it one of the first areas affected by pyroclastic flows. Furthermore, Supiturang Village is adjacent to the Besuk Kobokan River, which serves as a pathway for lahar flows during volcanic eruptions. These conditions require communities to possess the ability to withstand, adapt to, and recover from disaster impacts, which is referred to as community resilience. Community resilience consists of various dimensions; however, the social dimension is important to consider because neglecting social aspects may exacerbate the condition of communities living in disaster-prone areas. In the case of the Mount Semeru eruption, low levels of trust among Supiturang Village residents toward early warning information, weak coordination among community members, and limited disaster knowledge contributed to the significant impacts of the 2021 eruption. Therefore, this study aims to explore and formulate directions for strengthening community resilience based on the social dimension in disaster risk management of the Mount Semeru eruption in Supiturang Village. This study employed a pragmatic approach using mixed methods through data collection from questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and literature reviews. The analysis consisted of three stages: Modified Delphi analysis to identify community resilience variables based on the social dimension, Content Analysis to examine the existing conditions of community resilience, and Gap Analysis to formulate directions for strengthening community resilience. The results indicate that 9 variables have met the ideal conditions, while 7 variables require strengthening directions, including place attachment, access to evacuation facilities, disaster training programs, participation in decision-making, disaster knowledge, disaster training programs for vulnerable groups, and access to inclusive evacuation shelters. The proposed directions are categorized into three disaster risk management stages, consisting of 14 variables in the mitigation stage, 1 variable in the emergency response stage, and 1 variable in the recovery stage.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ketahanan Masyarakat, Dimensi Sosial, Manajemen Risiko Bencana Community Resilience, Social Dimension, Disaster Risk Management
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare > HV551.5.I4 Hazard mitigation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Endhita Rahmawati
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 04:50
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 04:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143043

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