Model Rantai Pasok Silikon Wafer Dan Pasir Kuarsa Untuk Industri Fotovoltaik

Al Akbar, Muhammad Farras Mahdi (2026) Model Rantai Pasok Silikon Wafer Dan Pasir Kuarsa Untuk Industri Fotovoltaik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Seupuluh Nopember.

Text 5021221025_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (3MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan cadangan pasir kuarsa yang melimpah, namun sebagian besar komoditas ini masih diperdagangkan dalam bentuk bahan mentah sehingga nilai tambah ekonominya rendah. Di sisi lain, transisi energi global mendorong pertumbuhan pesat industri fotovoltaik, khususnya di kawasan ASEAN, yang meningkatkan permintaan terhadap silikon wafer sebagai komponen utama modul surya. Kondisi tersebut membuka peluang hilirisasi pasir kuarsa menjadi silikon wafer di dalam negeri. Namun, keberhasilan hilirisasi tidak hanya bergantung pada keberadaan fasilitas produksi, melainkan juga pada sistem rantai pasok maritim yang efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model optimasi rantai pasok pasir kuarsa dan silikon wafer untuk industri fotovoltaik menggunakan pendekatan Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Model dibagi menjadi dua tahap: distribusi inbound pasir kuarsa dari lokasi tambang menuju pabrik silikon wafer di Cikarang, dan distribusi outbound silikon wafer menuju enam pelabuhan tujuan di lima negara ASEAN. Model mempertimbangkan karakteristik muatan, pemilihan jenis kapal, penentuan rute, serta tiga skema pengadaan armada (beli kapal, Time Charter Hire, dan Voyage Charter Hire) dengan tujuan meminimalkan total biaya distribusi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pasir kuarsa sesuai diangkut menggunakan kapal curah, sedangkan silikon wafer menggunakan kapal peti kemas dengan total kebutuhan 88.353 TEU per tahun. Pada distribusi inbound, solusi optimal memilih sumber pasokan dari Lampung menggunakan dua unit kapal curah berskema TCH dengan total biaya Rp64,35 miliar. Pada distribusi outbound, solusi optimal menggunakan kombinasi empat kapal peti kemas berskema TCH dengan total biaya Rp3,24 triliun. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan konfigurasi rantai pasok dan estimasi biaya logistik maritim yang dapat memperkuat justifikasi kuantitatif kebijakan hilirisasi pasir kuarsa nasional.
===================================================================================================================================
Indonesia possesses abundant quartz sand reserves, yet most of this commodity is still traded in raw form, resulting in low economic added value. Meanwhile, the global energy transition is driving rapid growth of the photovoltaic industry, particularly across the ASEAN region, which increases demand for silicon wafers as the primary component of solar modules. This condition opens an opportunity for the domestic downstreaming (hilirisasi) of quartz sand into silicon wafers. However, the success of downstreaming depends not only on production facilities but also on an efficient maritime supply chain. This research develops a supply chain optimization model for quartz sand and silicon wafers in the photovoltaic industry using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach. The model is divided into two stages: the inbound distribution of quartz sand from mining sites to a silicon wafer plant in Cikarang, and the outbound distribution of silicon wafers to six destination ports across five ASEAN countries. The model considers cargo characteristics, vessel selection, route determination, and three fleet procurement schemes (ship purchase, Time Charter Hire, and Voyage Charter Hire) with the objective of minimizing total distribution cost. The results show that quartz sand is best carried by bulk vessels, whereas silicon wafers require container vessels, with a total demand of 88,353 TEU per year. For inbound distribution, the optimal solution selects a supply source in Lampung using two bulk vessels under the TCH scheme, with a total cost of IDR 64.35 billion. For outbound distribution, the optimal solution employs a combination of four container vessels under the TCH scheme, with a total cost of IDR 3.24 trillion. These findings provide a supply chain configuration and maritime logistics cost estimate that can strengthen the quantitative justification for the national quartz sand downstreaming policy.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pasir Kuarsa, Fotovoltaik, Rantai Pasok, Silikon Wafer, MILP,Quartz Sand, Photovoltaic, Supply Chain, Silicon Wafer, MILP
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE147.6 Transportation--Planning H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE564.A1 Shipping H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE566.F7 Freighters. Cargo ships
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Transportation Engineering > 21207-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Farras Mahdi Al Akbar
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 05:18
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 05:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143104

Actions (login required)

View Item