Evaluasi Penyediaan Fasilitas Kesehatan Berdasarkan Distribusi dan Aksesibilitas Kelompok Rentan di Kota Surabaya

Fawwaz, Dzaki Irfan (2026) Evaluasi Penyediaan Fasilitas Kesehatan Berdasarkan Distribusi dan Aksesibilitas Kelompok Rentan di Kota Surabaya. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan di kawasan perkotaan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh jumlah fasilitas yang tersedia, tetapi juga oleh kesesuaiannya dengan distribusi dan aksesibilitas kelompok rentan sebagai kelompok dengan kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan tertinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan di Kota Surabaya melalui tiga sasaran: (1) menganalisis distribusi spasial kelompok rentan menggunakan Indeks Kerentanan Kelompok Rentan (IKKR), (2) menganalisis aksesibilitas kelompok rentan terhadap fasilitas kesehatan menggunakan Service Network Analysis (SNA), dan (3) menganalisis pengaruh distribusi kelompok rentan terhadap penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Penelitian bersifat kuantitatif dengan objek kajian mencakup empat jenis fasilitas kesehatan (puskesmas induk, puskesmas pembantu, rumah sakit umum, dan rumah sakit khusus) serta lima komponen kelompok rentan (balita, lansia, penyandang disabilitas, wanita hamil, dan fakir miskin) di 31 kecamatan Kota Surabaya. Hasil analisis IKKR menunjukkan terdapat enam kecamatan dengan kategori kerentanan tinggi, yakni Semampir, Pabean Cantian, Krembangan, Tegalsari, Wonocolo, dan Jambangan. Hasil SNA pada skenario berjalan kaki 10 menit (±540 m), 20 menit (±1.080 m), dan 30 menit (±1.620 m) menunjukkan cakupan kawasan permukiman berturut-turut sebesar 45,9%, 81,6%, dan 92,7%, dengan 838 ha (7,3%) kawasan permukiman yang tidak terlayani bahkan pada radius maksimal. Sintesis IKKR dan SNA mengidentifikasi kondisi kerentanan ganda pada Kecamatan Semampir dan Krembangan yang memiliki nilai IKKR tinggi sekaligus keterbatasan aksesibilitas hingga skenario 20 menit. Hasil regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa distribusi kelompok rentan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan di Kota Surabaya. Temuan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh distribusi kelompok rentan, tetapi juga oleh karakteristik spasial, jaringan jalan, hierarki pelayanan, serta kebijakan pembangunan wilayah. Oleh karena itu, penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan perlu mempertimbangkan integrasi aspek sosial demografi, aksesibilitas spasial, dan perencanaan wilayah guna mewujudkan pelayanan kesehatan yang lebih merata dan berkeadilan.
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The provision of healthcare facilities in urban areas is not solely determined by the number of available facilities, but also by their alignment with the distribution and accessibility of vulnerable groups as the segment of the population with the highest healthcare needs. This study aims to evaluate healthcare facility provision in Surabaya City through three objectives: (1) analyzing the spatial distribution of vulnerable groups using the Vulnerable Group Vulnerability Index (IKKR), (2) analyzing the accessibility of vulnerable groups to healthcare facilities using Service Network Analysis (SNA), and (3) analyzing the influence of vulnerable group distribution on healthcare facility provision using multiple linear regression. The study employs a quantitative approach covering four types of healthcare facilities (primary health centers, sub-health centers, general hospitals, and specialized hospitals) and five vulnerable group components (children under five, the elderly, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, and the extreme poor) across 31 sub-districts of Surabaya City. IKKR analysis results reveal six sub-districts classified under high vulnerability categories, namely Semampir, Pabean Cantian, Krembangan, Tegalsari, Wonocolo, and Jambangan. SNA results across three walking-time scenarios 10 minutes (±540 m), 20 minutes (±1,080 m), and 30 minutes (±1,620 m) indicate residential area coverage of 45.9%, 81.6%, and 92.7%, respectively, with 838 hectares (7.3%) of residential land remaining unserved even at the maximum radius. The integration of IKKR and SNA findings identifies a condition of double vulnerability in Semampir and Krembangan sub-districts, which exhibit high IKKR values alongside persistent accessibility limitations through the 20-minute scenario. Multiple linear regression results indicate that the distribution of vulnerable groups does not significantly influence healthcare facility provision in Surabaya City. This finding suggests that healthcare facility provision is shaped not only by vulnerable group distribution, but also by spatial characteristics, road networks, service hierarchies, and regional development policies. Therefore, healthcare facility provision must consider the integration of socio-demographic aspects, spatial accessibility, and urban planning in order to achieve a more equitable and just healthcare service delivery.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	aksesibilitas fasilitas kesehatan, distribusi spasial, indeks kerentanan kelompok rentan, kelompok rentan, penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan, Service Network Analysis,healthcare facility accessibility, spatial distribution, vulnerable group vulnerability index, vulnerable groups, healthcare facility provision, Service Network Analysis.
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT166 City Planning--Environmental aspects
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dzaki Irfan Fawwaz
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 04:40
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 04:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143157

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