The Limits of Flexibility: Exploring Spatiality through Incremental Housing

Anarizta, Devira Zain (2026) The Limits of Flexibility: Exploring Spatiality through Incremental Housing. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Hunian fleksibel kerap dipahami sebagai pendekatan demokratis terhadap bermukim yang memungkinkan partisipasi dan adaptasi pengguna seiring waktu. Namun, ketika proses demokrasi menjadi semakin plural dan penuh konflik, fleksibilitas berisiko runtuh oleh keterbukaannya sendiri. Penelitian ini mempertanyakan batas fleksibilitas dalam konteks perumahan inkremental dengan menelusuri sejauh mana kemampuan ruang adaptif dapat mengakomodasi perubahan keputusan pengguna sebelum mencapai kondisi kepadatan berlebih atau kehilangan tujuan demokratisnya. Berlandaskan teori adaptabilitas, supports and infill, serta pluralisme agonistik, penelitian ini menganalisis berbagai preseden untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana proses demokrasi diterjemahkan melalui fleksibilitas. Kajian ini ditempatkan dalam konteks kawasan permukiman liar, di mana negosiasi kolektif, pertumbuhan inkremental, dan tata kelola informal merepresentasikan potensi sekaligus kontradiksi demokrasi. Metode perancangan yang digunakan terdiri atas identifikasi aspek sosial, budaya, dan teknis; penyusunan hipotesis; pengembangan konteks desain; elements deployment; parts development; dan assembly. Alternatif desain dihasilkan melalui permutasi unit dan massa, kemudian divalidasi melalui simulasi pertumbuhan dan kriteria eliminasi untuk memperoleh konfigurasi yang layak. Hasil penelitian berupa usulan sistem perumahan inkremental modular yang membedakan elemen permanen (support) dan elemen yang dapat dimodifikasi pengguna (infill), sekaligus menetapkan ambang batas arsitektural melalui parameter spasial, struktural, dan teknis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fleksibilitas bukanlah kapasitas arsitektural tanpa batas, melainkan kondisi yang hanya dapat dipertahankan selama berada dalam ambang batas yang mampu menjaga keterhunian, koherensi spasial, dan partisipasi pengguna.
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Flexible housing is often positioned as a democratic approach to dwelling, enabling user participation and adaptation over time. Yet as democratic processes become more plural and conflictual, flexibility risks collapsing under its own openness. This research questions the limits of flexible housing within incremental housing contexts, examining how far spatial adaptability can sustain evolving user decisions before it reaches overcrowding or loses democratic intent. Grounded in theories of adaptability, supports and infill, and agonistic pluralism, the study analyzes precedents to identify where democratic process is translated through flexibility. The research situates this examination within the context of squatters’ settlement areas, where collective negotiation, incremental growth, and informal governance embody both the potentials and contradictions of democracy. The study employs a design methodology consisting of the identification of social, cultural, and technical aspects; hypothesis formulation; contextual design development; elements deployment; parts development; and assembly. Design alternatives are generated through unit and mass permutations, then evaluated through elimination criteria to identify feasible configurations. The selected design is further examined through growth simulations informed by the mathematical concept of limits and the logistic growth model to explore spatial saturation over time. The resulting proposal develops a modular incremental housing system that distinguishes permanent support elements from user-modifiable infill while defining architectural thresholds through spatial, structural, and technical parameters. The study argues that flexibility is not an unlimited architectural capacity, but a condition that can only be sustained within thresholds that preserve habitability, spatial coherence, and meaningful user participation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	flexible housing, limitations, adaptability, supports and infill, incremental housing, hunian fleksibel, batas, adaptabilitas, supports dan infill, perumahan inkremental.
Subjects:	N Fine Arts > NA Architecture > NA2750 Architectural design.
Divisions:	Faculty of Architecture, Design, and Planning > Architecture > 23201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Devira Zain Anarizta
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 06:44
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 06:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143206

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