Efendi, Ovanie Rizkiana Ali (2026) Analisis Kekuatan Struktur Kapal Penangkap Ikan Bermesin Hibrida Diesel-Listrik Berbahan FRP. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sektor perikanan Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar akibat biaya operasional bahan bakar minyak (BBM) yang mencapai 40%–50% dari total biaya melaut, sehingga integrasi sistem propulsi hibrida diesel-listrik dengan lambung ringan Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) menjadi solusi yang inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang struktur kapal penangkap ikan hibrida 2 GT berbahan FRP serta mengevaluasi kekuatan strukturnya dibandingkan kapal konvensional akibat beban statis dan beban hogging-sagging menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga (Finite Element Method/FEM) melalui ANSYS®. Sifat mekanik material dihitung menggunakan metode Rules of Mixtures, sedangkan kondisi pembebanan statis (berat kapal, mesin, awak, hidrostatik, dan muatan) serta momen lentur disimulasikan menggunakan ukuran mesh konvergen sebesar 48 mm. Hasil evaluasi terhadap regulasi menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ketebalan aktual struktur utama kapal masih berada di bawah batas minimum yang ditetapkan dalam BKI Kapal FRP 2022, kecuali komponen bulkhead yang telah memenuhi standar. Meskipun demikian, simulasi FEM membuktikan bahwa respons struktural global kedua jenis kapal masih berada dalam batas aman. Pada kondisi hogging-sagging, kapal hibrida mengalami deformasi maksimum sebesar 18,687–19,96 mm yang terjadi pada kursi di daerah midship, regangan maksimum sebesar 2,43–2,52 × 10⁻² mm/mm pada gading 1 sisi starboard, serta tegangan maksimum sebesar 38,937–40,163 MPa. Sementara itu, kapal konvensional mengalami deformasi total sebesar 18,406–22,25 mm, regangan maksimum sebesar 2,37–2,47 × 10⁻² mm/mm, dan tegangan maksimum sebesar 38,066–39,343 MPa. Berdasarkan nilai tensile strength material yang telah direduksi menjadi 55,31 MPa sesuai faktor reduksi dalam BKI Guidance for FRP and Wooden Fishing Vessels Up to 24 M, analisis faktor keamanan menghasilkan nilai Safety Factor sebesar 1,377–1,420 untuk kapal hibrida dan 1,406–1,453 untuk kapal konvensional. Kedua nilai tersebut melampaui batas kritis minimum sebesar 1,1 sehingga struktur kedua varian kapal dinyatakan aman untuk dioperasikan.
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The Indonesian fisheries sector faces significant challenges due to fuel costs, which account for 40%–50% of total fishing operating expenses. Therefore, integrating a hybrid diesel-electric propulsion system with a lightweight Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) hull offers an innovative solution. This study aims to design the structural configuration of a 2 GT hybrid FRP fishing vessel and evaluate its structural strength compared with a conventional vessel under static loading and hogging-sagging conditions using the Finite Element Method (FEM) implemented in ANSYS®. The mechanical properties of the composite material were determined using the Rules of Mixtures, while static loading conditions—including vessel weight, machinery, crew, hydrostatic pressure, and payload—as well as bending moments were simulated using a converged mesh size of 48 mm. The regulatory evaluation indicates that most actual thicknesses of the vessel's primary structural members remain below the minimum requirements specified in the 2022 BKI Rules for FRP Ships, except for the bulkhead, which satisfies the standard. Nevertheless, FEM simulations demonstrate that the global structural responses of both vessel types remain within safe limits. Under hogging-sagging conditions, the hybrid vessel exhibits a maximum deformation of 18.687–19.96 mm at the midship seating area, a maximum strain of 2.43–2.52 × 10⁻² mm/mm at frame 1 on the starboard side, and a maximum stress of 38.937–40.163 MPa. In comparison, the conventional vessel experiences a total deformation of 18.406–22.25 mm, a maximum strain of 2.37–2.47 × 10⁻² mm/mm, and a maximum stress of 38.066–39.343 MPa. Based on the material tensile strength reduced to 55.31 MPa according to the reduction factors specified in the BKI Guidance for FRP and Wooden Fishing Vessels Up to 24 M, the safety factor analysis yields values of 1.377–1.420 for the hybrid vessel and 1.406–1.453 for the conventional vessel. Since both values exceed the minimum critical limit of 1.1, the structural integrity of both vessel configurations is considered safe for operation.
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